
Principles of Operation
53
September 2005
SCPS110
The following are typical specifications for crystals used with the controller in order to achieve the required
frequency accuracy and stability.
Crystal mode of operation: Fundamental
Frequency tolerance @ 25
°C: Total frequency variation for the complete circuit is ±100 ppm. A crystal with
±30 ppm frequency tolerance is recommended for adequate margin.
Frequency stability (overtemperature and age): A crystal with
±30 ppm frequency stability is
recommended for adequate margin.
NOTE: The total frequency variation must be kept below
±100 ppm from nominal with some
allowance for error introduced by board and device variations. Trade-offs between frequency
tolerance and stability may be made as long as the total frequency variation is less than
±100 ppm. For example, the frequency tolerance of the crystal may be specified at 50 ppm and
the temperature tolerance may be specified at 30 ppm to give a total of 80 ppm possible
variation due to the crystal alone. Crystal aging also contributes to the frequency variation.
3.6
Serial EEPROM Interface
The PCIxx12 controller has a dedicated serial bus interface that can be used with an EEPROM to load certain
registers in the controller. The EEPROM is detected by a pullup resistor on the SCL terminal. See Table 39
for the EEPROM loading map.
3.6.1 Serial-Bus Interface Implementation
The PCIxx12 controller drives SCL at nearly 100 kHz during data transfers, which is the maximum specified
frequency for standard mode I2C. The serial EEPROM must be located at address A0h.
Some serial device applications may include PC Card power switches, card ejectors, or other devices that may
enhance the user’s PC Card experience. The serial EEPROM device and PC Card power switches are
discussed in the sections that follow.
3.6.2 Accessing Serial-Bus Devices Through Software
The PCIxx12 controller provides a programming mechanism to control serial bus devices through software.
The programming is accomplished through a doubleword of PCI configuration space at offset B0h. Table 38
lists the registers used to program a serial-bus device through software.
Table 38. PCIxx12 Registers Used to Program Serial-Bus Devices
PCI OFFSET
REGISTER NAME
DESCRIPTION
B0h
Serial-bus data
Contains the data byte to send on write commands or the received data byte on read commands.
B1h
Serial-bus index
The content of this register is sent as the word address on byte writes or reads. This register is not used
in the quick command protocol.
B2h
Serial-bus slave
address
Write transactions to this register initiate a serial-bus transaction. The slave device address and the R/W
command selector are programmed through this register.
B3h
Serial-bus control
and status
Read data valid, general busy, and general error status are communicated through this register. In
addition, the protocol-select bit is programmed through this register.
3.6.3 Serial-Bus Interface Protocol
The SCL and SDA signals are bidirectional, open-drain signals and require pullup resistors as shown in
Figure 34. The PCIxx12 controller, which supports up to 100-Kb/s data-transfer rate, is compatible with
standard mode I2C using 7-bit addressing.
All data transfers are initiated by the serial bus master. The beginning of a data transfer is indicated by a start
condition, which is signaled when the SDA line transitions to the low state while SCL is in the high state, as
shown in Figure 37. The end of a requested data transfer is indicated by a stop condition, which is signaled
by a low-to-high transition of SDA while SCL is in the high state, as shown in Figure 37. Data on SDA must
remain stable during the high state of the SCL signal, as changes on the SDA signal during the high state of
SCL are interpreted as control signals, that is, a start or a stop condition.