
Principles of Operation
51
September 2005
SCPS110
3.5.6 Internal Ring Oscillator
The internal ring oscillator provides an internal clock source for the PCIxx12 controller so that neither the PCI
clock nor an external clock is required in order for the controller to power down a socket or interrogate a PC
Card. This internal oscillator, operating nominally at 16 kHz, is always enabled.
3.5.7 Integrated Pullup Resistors for PC Card Interface
The PC Card Standard requires pullup resistors on various terminals to support both CardBus and 16-bit PC
Card configurations. The PCIxx12 controller has integrated all of these pullup resistors and requires no
additional external components. The I/O buffer on the CSTSCHG//BVD1(STSCHG) terminal has the
capability to switch to an internal pullup resistor when a 16-bit PC Card is inserted, or switch to an internal
pulldown resistor when a CardBus card is inserted. This prevents inadvertent CSTSCHG events.
3.5.8 SPKROUT and CAUDPWM Usage
The SPKROUT terminal carries the digital audio signal from the PC Card to the system. When a 16-bit PC
Card is configured for I/O mode, the BVD2 terminal becomes the SPKR input terminal from the card. This
terminal, in CardBus applications, is referred to as CAUDIO. SPKR passes a TTL-level binary audio signal
to the PCIxx12 controller. The CardBus CAUDIO signal also can pass a single-amplitude binary waveform
as well as a PWM signal. The binary audio signal from the PC Card socket is enabled by bit 1 (SPKROUTEN)
of the card control register (PCI offset 91h, see Section 4.37).
Older controllers support CAUDIO in binary or PWM mode, but use the same output terminal (SPKROUT).
Some audio chips may not support both modes on one terminal and may have a separate terminal for binary
and PWM. The PCIxx12 implementation includes a signal for PWM, CAUDPWM, which can be routed to an
MFUNC terminal. Bit 2 (AUD2MUX), located in the card control register, is programmed to route a CardBus
CAUDIO PWM terminal to CAUDPWM. See Section 4.35, Multifunction Routing Register, for details on
configuring the MFUNC terminals.
Figure 35 illustrates the SPKROUT connection.
Speaker
Subsystem
BINARY_SPKR
System
Core Logic
PCIxx12
CAUDPWM
SPKROUT
PWM_SPKR
Figure 35. SPKROUT Connection to Speaker Driver
3.5.9 LED Socket Activity Indicators
The socket activity LEDs indicate when a PC Card is being accessed. The LEDA1 and LEDSKT signals can
be routed to the multifunction terminals. When configured for LED outputs, these terminals output an active
high signal to indicate socket activity. See Section 4.35, Multifunction Routing Status Register, for details on
configuring the multifunction terminals.
The active-high LED signal is driven for 64 ms. When the LED is not being driven high, it is driven to a low
state. Either of the two circuits shown in Figure 36 can be implemented to provide LED signaling, and the
board designer must implement the circuit that best fits the application.
The LED activity signals are valid when a card is inserted, powered, and not in reset. For PC Card-16, the LED
activity signals are pulsed when READY(IREQ) is low. For CardBus cards, the LED activity signals are pulsed
if CFRAME, IRDY, or CREQ is active.