
PRELIMINARY
XRT86SH221
80
REV. P1.0.5
SDH-TO-PDH FRAMER/MAPPER WITH INTEGRATED 21-CHANNEL E1 SH LIU
with the BIP-2 retrieved from the N2-byte. A difference not equal to zero indicates that the VC-n has been
corrupted within the Tandem Connection and, then the TC-REI is set to "1" in the reverse direction.
If TU-AIS is not inserted at the Tandem Connection sink, then the N2-Byte is set to all zeroes and the BIP is
compensated according to the algorithm described below.
Multiframe Generation and Synchronization
Loss of multiframe occurs when two consecutive Frame Alignment Signals (1111 1111 1111 1110) are detected
in error (i.e., one or more errors in each FAS). Multiframe alignment is recovered when one consecutive non-
errored FAS are found. Two status bits are used to indicate the Loss Of MultiFrame (TXAnLOMF,
RXDnLOMF).
The TC trace identifier message comparison is based on the same state machine as that used for the 16-byte
J2 message. The TC lock is removed (instable, INV) when 3 messages are received in error and the TC_INV
alarm is declared. The TC lock is established when 3 valid, identical messages are received. A comparison is
performed between the microprocessor-written TC and the contents of the incoming message. The message
consists of TC Trace ID bytes 0 to 15. A TC Trace Identifier Mismatch (TC_MIS) alarm is declared when any
byte does not match. Recovery occurs when there is a match between the expected message and the
accepted message.
Bit 8 in frame 73 is defined as a Tandem Connection Remote Defect Indication (TC RDI). A TC RDI alarm
occurs when a "1" has been detected in bit 8 in frame 73 for five consecutive multiframes (where each
multiframe is 38 ms). The TC RDI alarm state is exited when bit 8 is equal to 0 for five consecutive multiframes.
An alarm indication is reported as TC_RDI.
Bit 7 in frame 74 is defined as a Tandem Connection Outgoing Defect Indication (TC ODI). A TC ODI alarm
occurs when a "1" has been detected in bit 7 in frame 74 for five consecutive multiframes (where each
multiframe is 38 ms). The TC ODI alarm state is exited when bit 7 is equal to 0 for five consecutive multiframes.
An alarm indication is reported as TC_ODI.
Tandem Connection Unequipped Status
Unequipped Tandem Connection detection is provided. Five or more consecutive received tandem connection
N2 bytes equal to XX00 0000 result in a TC unequipped indication (TC_UNEQ). The alarm state is exited when
five or more consecutive received tandem connection N2 (Z6) bytes are not equal to XX00 0000. Note that bits
1 and 2 of the N2 (Z6) byte are masked (shown as X) and do not affect the detection. The XX represents a
don't care value and may be equal to a BIP-2 value.
BIP-2 Compensation
Since the BIP-2 parity check is taken over the VC-n (including N2), writing into N2 at the TC-source or TC-sink
will affect the VC-2/VC-12/VC-11 path parity calculation. Unless this is compensated, the error monitoring
mechanism of BIP-2 is corrupted. Because the parity should always be consistent with the current state of the
VC-n, the BIP has to be compensated each time the N2-byte is modified. Since the BIP-2 value in a given
frame reflects the parity check over the previous frame, the changes made to BIP-2 bits in the previous frame
shall also be considered in the compensation of BIP-2 in the current frame.