參數(shù)資料
型號: OR4E02-2BM680I
英文描述: FPGA
中文描述: FPGA的
文件頁數(shù): 32/153頁
文件大小: 2737K
代理商: OR4E02-2BM680I
32
Lattice Semiconductor
Data Sheet
November, 2002
ORCA
Series 4 FPGAs
Routing Resources
(continued)
Cycle Stealing
A new feature in Series 4 FPGAs is the ability to steal
time from one register-to-register path and use that
time in either the previous path before the
fi
rst register
or in a later path after the last register. This is done
through selectable clock delays for every PLC register,
EBR register, and PIO register. There are four pro-
grammable delay settings, including the default zero
added delay value. This allows performance increases
on typical critical paths from 15% to 40%. ispLEVER
includes software to automatically take advantage of
this capability to increase overall system speed. This is
done after place and route is completed and uses tim-
ing driven algorithms based on the customer’s prefer-
ence
fi
le. A hold time check is also performed to verify
no minimum hold time issues are introduced. More
information on this clocking feature, including how it
can be used to improve device setup times, hold times,
clock-to-out delays and can reduce ground bounce
caused by switching outputs can be found in the Cycle
Stealing application note.
Programmable Input/Output Cells (PIC)
Programmable I/O
The Series 4 programmable I/O addresses the demand
for the
fl
exibility to select I/O that meets system inter-
face requirements. I/Os can be programmed in the
same manner as in previous
ORCA
devices with the
addition of new features which allow the user the
fl
exi-
bility to select new I/O types that support high-speed
interfaces.
Each PIC contains up to four programmable I/O (PIO)
pads and are interfaced through a common interface
block (CIB) to the FPGA array. The PIC is split into two
pairs of I/O pads with each pair having independent
clocks, clock enables, local set/reset, and global
set/reset enable/disable.
On the input side, each PIO contains a programmable
latch/FF which enables very fast latching of data from
any pad. The combination provides for very low setup
requirements and zero hold times for signals coming
on-chip. It may also be used to demultiplex an input sig-
nal, such as a multiplexed address/data signal, and
register the signals without explicitly building a demulti-
plexer with a PFU.
On the output side of each PIO, an output from the PLC
array can be routed to each output FF, and logic can be
associated with each I/O pad. The output logic associ-
ated with each pad allows for multiplexing of output sig-
nals and other functions of two output signals.
The output FF, in combination with output signal multi-
plexing, is particularly useful for registering address
signals to be multiplexed with data, allowing a full clock
cycle for the data to propagate to the output. The out-
put buffer signal can be inverted, and the 3-state con-
trol can be made active-high, active-low, or always
enabled. In addition, this 3-state signal can be regis-
tered or nonregistered.
The Series 4 I/O logic has been enhanced to include
modes for high-speed uplink and downlink capabilities.
These modes are supported through shift register logic
which divides down incoming data or multiplies up out-
going data. This new logic block also supports high-
speed DDR mode requirements where data is clocked
into and out of the I/O buffers on both edges of the
clock.
The new programmable I/O cell allows designers to
select I/Os which meet many new communication stan-
dards permitting the device to hook up directly without
any external interface translation. They support tradi-
tional FPGA standards as well as high-speed single-
ended and differential pair signaling (as shown in
Table 13). Based on a programmable, bank-oriented
I/O ring architecture, designs can be implemented
using 3.3 V, 2.5 V, 1.8 V, and 1.5 V I/O levels.
The I/O on the OR4Exx Series devices allows compli-
ance with PCI local bus (Rev. 2.2) 3.3 V signaling envi-
ronments. The signaling environment used for each
input buffer can be selected on a per-pin basis. The
selection provides the appropriate I/O clamping diodes
for PCI compliance.
More information on the Series 4 programmable I/O
structure is available in the various application notes.
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