
CPU16
REFERENCE MANUAL
INSTRUCTION TIMING
MOTOROLA
8-3
8.2.2.3 Change-of-Flow Instructions
Operand access for change of flow instructions varies according to type. Unary
branches, conditional branches, and jumps have no operand access. Bit-condition
branches must make one memory access in order to perform masking. Subroutine
and interrupt instructions must make stack accesses.
In addition, when an instruction that can cause a change in flow executes, no prefetch
is made until after the precondition for change of flow is evaluated.
There are two evaluation cases:
If the instruction causes an unconditional change, or meets a specific precondition
for change, the program counter is loaded with the first address of a new instruction
stream, and the pipeline is filled with new instructions.
If the instruction does not meet a specific precondition (preconditions of unary
branches are always true or always false), prefetch is made and execution of the
old instruction stream resumes.
Table 8-2
shows the number of program and operand access cycles for each instruc-
tion that causes a change in program flow.
In program access values for conditional branches, the first value is for branch taken, the second value is for branch
not taken.
Table 8-2 Change-of-Flow Instruction Timing
Instruction
Operand
Access
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Program
Access
3
1
3/1
3
2
3/2
4/3
Comment
BRA
BRN
Unary branch (1 = 1)
Unary branch (1 = 0)
Conditional branches
Unary branch (1 = 1)
Unary branch (1 = 0)
Conditional branches
Bit-condition branch,
IND8 addressing mode
Bit-condition branch,
EXT, IND16 addressing modes
Bit-condition branch,
IND8 addressing mode
Bit-condition branch,
EXT, IND16 addressing modes
Unconditional
Operand accesses include stack access
Operand accesses include stack access
Operand accesses include stack access
Operand accesses include stack access
Operand accesses include stack access
and vector fetch
Operand accesses include stack access
Short Branches
LBRA
LBRN
Long Branches
BRCLR
BRCLR
1
5/3
BRSET
1
4/3
BRSET
1
5/3
JMP
JSR
BSR
LBSR
RTS
SWI
0
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
RTI
2
3
F
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