
Lattice Semiconductor
ORCA ORT8850 Data Sheet
29
Figure 13. SONET Overhead Bytes
When used in true SONET applications, most TOH bytes would be generated in the FPGA logic or by an external
device. The TOH bytes have the following functions.
Table 9 and
Table 10 show how the Embedded Core modies
these bytes in the transmit direction and
Table 12 shows how the bytes are modied in the receive direction.
Section Overhead Bytes:
A1, A2 - These bytes are used for framing and to mark the beginning of a SONET frame. A1 has the value 0xF6
and A2 has the value 0x28.
C1/J0 - Section Trace Message - This byte carries the section trace message. The message is interpreted to ver-
ify connectivity to a particular node in the network.
B1 - Section Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP-8) byte - This byte carries the parity information which is used to check for
transmission errors in a section. The computed parity value is transmitted in the next frame in the B1 position. It
is dened only for the rst STS-1 of a STS-N signal. The other bytes have a default value of 0x00 if using serial
TOH insertion. In transparent TOH mode the other bytes are passed through from DINxx bus.
E1 - Section orderwire byte - This byte carries local orderwire information, which provides for a 64 Kbits/s voice
channel between two Section Termination Equipment (STE) devices.
F1 - Section user channel byte - This byte provides a 64 Kbits/s user channel which can be used in a proprietary
fashion.
D1, D2, D3 - Section Data Communications Channel (SDCC) bytes - These bytes provide a 192 Kbits/s channel
for transmission of information across STEs. This information could be for control and conguration, status mon-
itoring, alarms, network administration data etc.
Line Overhead Bytes:
H1, H2 - STS Payload Pointers (H1 and H2) - These bytes are used to locate the start of the SPE in a SONET
frame. These two bytes contain the offset value, in bytes, between the pointer bytes and the start of the SPE.
These bytes are used for all the STS-1 signals contained in an STS-N signal to indicate the individual starting
positions of the SPEs. They bytes also contain justication indications, concatenation indications and path alarm
indication (AIS-P).
H3 - Pointer Action Byte (H3) - This byte is used during frequency justications. When a negative justication is
J1
B3
C2
H4
G1
F2
Z4
Z5
Z6
A1
A2
C1/J0
B1
E1
F1
D1
D2
D3
H1
H2
H3
B2
K1
K2
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
S1/Z1
Z3
E2
J1
B3
C2
H4
G1
F2
Z4
Z5
Z6
0
1
4
3
2
5
6
7
8
Transport
Overhead
Path
Overhead
012
Line
Overhead
Section
Overhead