
SLAC Products
39
SIGNAL PROCESSING
Overview of Digital Filters
Several of the blocks in the signal processing section are user-programmable. These allow the user to optimize the
performance of the QSLAC device for the system.
Figure 12 shows the QSLAC device signal processing and indicates
the programmable blocks.
The advantages of digital filters are
s High reliability
s No drift with time or temperature
s Unit-to-unit repeatability
s Superior transmission performance
s Flexibility
s Maximum possible bandwidth for V.34 modems.
Two-Wire Impedance Matching
Two feedback paths on the QSLAC device synthesize
the two-wire input impedance of the SLIC by providing
a programmable feedback path from VIN to VOUT. The
Analog Impedance Scaling Network (AISN) is a
programmable analog gain of –0.9375 to +0.9375 from
VIN to VOUT. The Z filter is a programmable digital filter
providing an additional path and programming flexibility
over the AISN in modifying the transfer function from
VIN to VOUT. Together, the AISN and the Z-filter enable
the user to synthesize virtually all required SLIC input
impedances.
Frequency Response Correction
and Equalization
The QSLAC device contains programmable filters in the
receive (R) and transmit (X) directions that can be
programmed for line equalization and to correct any
attenuation distortion caused by the Z filter.
Transhybrid Balancing
The QSLAC device’s programmable B filter is used to
adjust transhybrid balance. The filter has a single pole
IIR section (BIIR) and an eight-tap FIR section (BFIR),
both operating at 16 kHz.
Gain Adjustment
T he Q S LAC de v i c e ’s tr ans mit pa th has tw o
programmable gain blocks. Gain block AX is an analog
gain of 0 dB or 6.02 dB (unity gain or gain of 2.0),
located immediately before the A/D converter. GX is a
digital gain block that is programmable from 0 dB to +12
dB, with a worst-case step size of 0.1 dB for gain
settings below +10 dB, and a worst-case step size of
0.3 dB for gain settings above +10 dB. The filters
provide a net gain in the range of 0 dB to 18 dB.
The QSLAC device receive path has two programmable
loss block s. GR is a digital los s block that i s
programmable from 0 dB to 12 dB, with a worst-case
step size of 0.1 dB (unity gain or gain of 0.5). Loss block
AR is an analog loss of 0 dB or 6.02 dB, located
immediately after the D/A converter. This provides a net
loss in the range of 0 dB to 18 dB.
An additional 6 dB attenuation is provided as part of
GR, which can be inserted by setting the RG bit of
Command 70/71h. This allows writing of a single bit to
introduce 6 dB of attenuation into the receive path with-
out having to reprogram GR. This 6 dB loss is imple-
TSA
AR
AISN
Cutoff
Transmit
Path
(CTP)
Lower Receive
Gain (LRG)
Full
Digital
Loop
back
(FDL)
GX
AX
TSA
Loopback
(TLB)
R
GR
X
ADC
Deci-
mator
DAC
LPF
& HPF
Com-
pressor
Ex-
pander
LPF
VOUT
VIN
TSA
B
Inter-
polator
Figure 12. QSLAC Device Block Diagram
+
Z
Digital
TX
Digital
RX
Inter-
polator
Deci-
mator
21108-027
High Pass Filter (HPF)
0
1 kHz Tone
(TON)
Cutoff Receive
Path (CRP)
VREF
*
* programmable blocks