
gm2121 Preliminary Data Sheet
4.1.1 Using the Internal Oscillator with External Crystal
C2121-DAT-01F
17
December 2002
http://www.genesis-microchip.com
The first option for providing a clock reference is to use the internal oscillator with an external crystal.
The oscillator circuit is designed to provide a very low jitter and very low harmonic clock to the internal
circuitry of the gm2121. An Automatic Gain Control (AGC) is used to insure startup and operation over a
wide range of conditions. The oscillator circuit also minimizes the overdrive of the crystal, which reduces
the aging of the crystal.
When the gm2121 is in reset, the state of the ROM_ADDR13 pin is sampled. If the pin is left
unconnected (internal pull-down) then internal oscillator is enabled. In this mode a crystal resonator is
connected between TCLK and the XTAL with the appropriately sized loading capacitors C
L1
and C
L2
. The
size of C
L1
and C
L2
are determined from the crystal manufacturer’s specification and by compensating for
the parasitic capacitance of the gm2121 device and the printed circuit board traces. The loading capacitors
are terminated to the analog VDD power supply. This connection increases the power supply rejection
ratio when compared to terminating the loading capacitors to ground.
Reset State Logic
N/C
XTAL
TCLK
OSC_OUT
TCLK Distribution
Internal Pull Down
Resistor
~ 60K
gm2121
102
103
141
Vdd
180 uA
100 K
CL1
CL2
Internal Oscillator Enable
Vdda
Vdda
ROM_ADDR13
Figure 4.
Using the Internal Oscillator with External Crystal
The TCLK oscillator uses a Pierce Oscillator circuit. The output of the oscillator circuit, measured at the
TCLK pin, is an approximate sine wave with a bias of about 2 volts above ground (see Figure 5). The
peak-to-peak voltage of the output can range from 250 mV to 1000 mV depending on the specific
characteristics of the crystal and variation in the oscillator characteristics. The output of the oscillator is
connected to a comparator that converts the sine wave to a square wave. The comparator requires a