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PRELIMINARY
DS3 UNI FOR ATM
XRT7245
REV. 1.03
209
Note:
one of the main reasons that the AMI Line Code has
been chosen for driving transformer-coupled media is that
this line code introduces no dc component; thereby mini-
mizing dc distortion in the line.
6.4.4.5.0.2.2
The B3ZS Line Code
The Transmit DS3 Framer and the associated LIU IC
combine the data and timing information (originating
from the TxLineClk signal) into the line signal that is
transmitted to the far-end receiver. The far-end receiver
has the task of recovering this data and timing infor-
mation from the incoming DS3 data stream. Many
clock and data recovery schemes rely on the use of
Phase Locked Loop technology. Phase-Locked-Loop
(PLL) technology for clock recovery relies on transi-
tions in the line signal, in order to maintain “l(fā)ock” with
the incoming DS3 data stream. However, PLL-based
clock recovery scheme, are vulnerable to the occur-
rence of a long stream of consecutive zeros (e.g., the
absence of transitions). This scenario can cause the
PLL to lose “l(fā)ock” with the incoming DS3 data, there-
by causing the “clock” and data recovery process of
the receiver to fail. Therefore, some approach is
needed to insure that such a long string of consecu-
tive zeros can never happen. One such technique is
B3ZS encoding. B3ZS (or Bipolar 3 Zero Substitution)
is a form of AMI line coding that implements the
following rule.
In general the B3ZS line code behaves just like AMI;
with the exception of the case when a long string of
consecutive zeros occur on the line. Any string of 3
consecutive zeros will be replaced with either a “00V”
or a “B0V” where “B” refers to a Bipolar pulse (e.g., a
pulse with a polarity that is compliant with the AMI
coding rule). And “V” refers to a Bipolar Violation pulse
(e.g., a pulse with a polarity that violates the alternat-
ing polarity scheme of AMI.) The decision between
inserting an “00V” or a “B0V” is made to insure that
an odd number of Bipolar (B) pulses exist between any
two Bipolar Violation (V) pulses. Figure 57 presents a
timing diagram that illustrates examples of B3ZS en-
coding.
The user chooses between AMI or B3ZS line coding by
writing to bit 4 of the UNI I/O Control Register (Address =
01h), as shown below.
The following table relates the content of this bit-field
to the Bipolar Line Code that DS3 Data will be trans-
mitted and received at.
F
IGURE
57. I
LLUSTRATION
OF
TWO
EXAMPLES
OF
B3ZS E
NCODING
Data
TxPOS
TxNEG
0 0 V
Line Signal
B 0 V
1 0
1 1
0 0
0
1
0
1 1
1
0
1
0 1
0
0 1
1 1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
UNI I/O Control Register (Address = 01h)
B
IT
7
B
IT
6
B
IT
5
B
IT
4
B
IT
3
B
IT
2
B
IT
1
B
IT
0
LOC Enable
Test PMON
Interrupt
Enable
Reset
AMI/B3ZS*
Unipolar/
Bipolar*
TxClk Inv
RxClk Inv
Reframe
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W