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參數(shù)資料
| 型號(hào)： | MQ83C154XXX-16/883D |
| 廠商： | TEMIC SEMICONDUCTORS |
| 元件分類(lèi)： | 微控制器/微處理器 |
| 英文描述： | 8-BIT, MROM, 16 MHz, MICROCONTROLLER, CQFP44 |
| 文件頁(yè)數(shù)： | 194/204頁(yè) |
| 文件大小： | 5687K |
| 代理商： | MQ83C154XXX-16/883D |
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9
ATtiny40 [DATASHEET]
8263B–AVR–01/2013
4.5
Stack Pointer
The stack is mainly used for storing temporary data, local variables and return addresses after interrupts and sub-
routine calls. The Stack Pointer Registers(SPH and SPL) always point to the top of the stack. Note that the stack
grows from higher memory locations to lower memory locations. This means that the PUSH instruction decreases
and the POP instruction increases the stack pointer value.
The stack pointer points to the area of data memory where subroutine and interrupt stacks are located. This stack
space must be defined by the program before any subroutine calls are executed or interrupts are enabled.
The pointer is decremented by one when data is put on the stack with the PUSH instruction, and incremented by
one when data is fetched with the POP instruction. It is decremented by two when the return address is put on the
stack by a subroutine call or a jump to an interrupt service routine, and incremented by two when data is fetched by
a return from subroutine (the RET instruction) or a return from interrupt service routine (the RETI instruction).
The AVR stack pointer is typically implemented as two 8-bit registers in the I/O register file. The width of the stack
pointer and the number of bits implemented is device dependent. In some AVR devices all data memory can be
addressed using SPL, only. In this case, the SPH register is not implemented.
The stack pointer must be set to point above the I/O register areas, the minimum value being the lowest address of
SRAM. See Figure 5-1 on page 14.
4.6
Instruction Execution Timing
This section describes the general access timing concepts for instruction execution. The AVR CPU is driven by the
CPU clock clk
CPU, directly generated from the selected clock source for the chip. No internal clock division is used.
Figure 4-4.
The Parallel Instruction Fetches and Instruction Executions
Figure 4-4 shows the parallel instruction fetches and instruction executions enabled by the Harvard architecture
and the fast access Register File concept. This is the basic pipelining concept to obtain up to 1 MIPS per MHz with
the corresponding unique results for functions per cost, functions per clocks, and functions per power-unit.
Figure 4-5 shows the internal timing concept for the Register File. In a single clock cycle an ALU operation using
two register operands is executed, and the result is stored back to the destination register.
clk
1st Instruction Fetch
1st Instruction Execute
2nd Instruction Fetch
2nd Instruction Execute
3rd Instruction Fetch
3rd Instruction Execute
4th Instruction Fetch
T1
T2
T3
T4
CPU
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