
AMD
6
PRELIMINARY
Enhanced Am486 Microprocessor
8
Test Registers 4 and 5 Modifications .................................................................................................. 53
8.1 TR4 Definition ................................................................................................................................ 53
8.2 TR5 Definition ................................................................................................................................ 54
8.3 Using TR4 and TR5 for Cache Testing.......................................................................................... 55
8.3.1 Example 1: Reading the Cache (write-back mode only) ...................................................... 55
8.3.2 Example 2: Writing the Cache .............................................................................................. 55
8.3.3 Example 3: Flushing the Cache ........................................................................................... 55
9
Enhanced Am486 CPU Functional Differences .................................................................................. 55
9.1 Status after Reset ......................................................................................................................... 55
9.2 Cache Status ................................................................................................................................ 55
10 Enhanced Am486 CPU Identification .................................................................................................. 56
10.1 DX Register at RESET ................................................................................................................ 56
10.2 CPUID Instruction ....................................................................................................................... 56
10.2.1 CPUID Timing ................................................................................................................... 56
10.2.2 CPUID Operation .............................................................................................................. 56
11 Electrical Data ..................................................................................................................................... 57
11.1 Power and Grounding ................................................................................................................. 57
11.1.1 Power Connections ........................................................................................................... 57
11.1.2 Power Decoupling Recommendations .............................................................................. 57
11.1.3 Other Connection Recommendations ............................................................................... 57
12 Package Thermal Specifications ......................................................................................................... 67
13 Physical Dimensions ........................................................................................................................... 68
FIGURES
Figure 1
Processor-Induced Line Transitions in Write-Back Mode ....................................................... 20
Figure 2
Snooping State Transitions ..................................................................................................... 21
Figure 3
Typical System Block Diagram for HOLD/HLDA Bus Arbitration ............................................ 22
Figure 4
External Read ......................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 5
External Write .......................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 6
Snoop of On-Chip Cache That Does Not Hit a Line ................................................................ 24
Figure 7
Snoop of On-Chip Cache That Hits a Non-modified Line ........................................................ 24
Figure 8
Snoop That Hits a Modified Line (Write-Back) ........................................................................ 25
Figure 9
Write-Back and Pending Access ............................................................................................. 26
Figure 10 Valid HOLD Assertion During Write-Back ............................................................................... 27
Figure 11 Closely Coupled Cache Block Diagram .................................................................................. 28
Figure 12 Snoop Hit Cycle with Write-Back ............................................................................................. 29
Figure 13 Cycle Reordering with BOFF (Write-Back) .............................................................................. 30
Figure 14 Write Reordering Due to Buffering .......................................................................................... 31
Figure 15 Latest Snooping of Copy-Back ................................................................................................ 33
Figure 16 Burst Write .............................................................................................................................. 34
Figure 17 Burst Read with BOFF Assertion ............................................................................................ 34
Figure 18 Burst Write with BOFF Assertion ............................................................................................. 35
Figure 19 Entering Stop Grant State ....................................................................................................... 37
Figure 20 Recognition of Inputs when Exiting Stop Grant State ............................................................. 38
Figure 21 Stop Clock State Machine ....................................................................................................... 38
Figure 22 Basic SMI Interrupt Service ..................................................................................................... 40
Figure 23 Basic SMI Hardware Interface.................................................................................................. 41
Figure 24 SMI Timing for Servicing an I/O Trap ...................................................................................... 41
Figure 25 SMIACT Timing ....................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 26 Redirecting System Memory Address to SMRAM ................................................................... 42
Figure 27 Transition to and from SMM .................................................................................................... 44
Figure 28 Auto HALT Restart Register Offset .......................................................................................... 47
Figure 29 I/O Instruction Restart Register Offset .................................................................................... 47