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AD5757
Rev. A | Page 36 of 44
Table 33. Recommended DC-to-DC Components
Symbol
Component
Value
Manufacturer
LDCDC
XAL4040-103
10 μH
Coilcraft
CDCDC
GRM32ER71H475KA88L
4.7 μF
Murata
DDCDC
PMEG3010BEA
0.38 VF
NXP
It is recommended to place a 10 Ω, 100 nF low-pass RC filter
after CDCDC. This consumes a small amount of power but
reduces the amount of ripple on the VBOOST_x supply.
DC-to-DC Converter Operation
The on-board dc-to-dc converters use a constant frequency,
peak current mode control scheme to step up an AVCC input of
4.5 V to 5.5 V to drive the AD5757 output channel. These are
designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM)
with a duty cycle of <90% typical. Discontinuous conduction
mode refers to a mode of operation where the inductor current
goes to zero for an appreciable percentage of the switching
cycle. The dc-to-dc converters are nonsynchronous; that is,
they require an external Schottky diode.
DC-to-DC Converter Output Voltage
When a channel current output is enabled, the converter regulates
the VBOOST_x supply to 7.4 V (±5%) or (IOUT × RLOAD + Headroom),
whichever is greater (see
Figure 31 for a plot of headroom
supplied vs. output current). When the output is disabled, the
converter regulates the VBOOST_x supply to 7.4 V (±5%).
DC-to-DC Converter Settling Time
The settling time for a step greater than ~1 V (IOUT × RLOAD) is
dominated by the settling time of the dc-to-dc converter. The
exception to this is when the required voltage at the IOUT_x pin plus
the compliance voltage is below 7.4 V (±5%). A typical plot of the
output settling time can be found in
Figure 26. This plot is for a
1 kΩ load. The settling time for smaller loads is faster. The
settling time for current steps less than 24 mA is also faster.
DC-to-DC Converter VMAX Functionality
The maximum VBOOST_x voltage is set in the dc-to-dc control
register (23 V, 24.5 V, 27 V, or 29.5 V; see
Table 24). On reaching
this maximum voltage, the dc-to-dc converter is disabled, and
the VBOOST_x voltage is allowed to decay by ~0.4 V. After the
VBOOST_x voltage has decayed by ~0.4 V, the dc-to-dc converter
is reenabled, and the voltage ramps up again to VMAX, if still
28.6
28.7
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
29.5
29.6
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
V
BO
O
ST
V
O
LTA
GE
(m
V
)
TIME (ms)
VMAX
0mA TO 24mA RANGE, 24mA OUTPUT
OUTPUT UNLOADED
DC-DCMaxV = 29.5V
DC_DC BIT
DC-DCx BIT = 0
DC-DCx BIT = 1
fSW = 410kHz
TA = 25°C
092
25
-18
3
Figure 57. Operation on Reaching VMAX
As shown in
Figure 57, the DC-DCx bit in the status register
asserts when the AD5757 is ramping to the VMAX value but
deasserts when the voltage is decaying to VMAX ~0.4 V.
DC-to-DC Converter On-Board Switch
The AD5757 contains a 0.425 Ω internal switch. The switch
current is monitored on a pulse by pulse basis and is limited to
0.8 A peak current.
DC-to-DC Converter Switching Frequency and Phase
The AD5757 dc-to-dc converter switching frequency can be
selected from the dc-to-dc control register. The phasing of the
channels can also be adjusted so that the dc-to-dc converter can
clock on different edges (see
Table 24). For typical applications,
a 410 kHz frequency is recommended. At light loads (low output
current and small load resistor), the dc-to-dc converter enters a
pulse-skipping mode to minimize switching power dissipation.
DC-to-DC Converter Inductor Selection
For typical 4 mA to 20 mA applications, a 10 μH inductor (such
as the XAL4040-103 from Coilcraft), combined with a switch-
ing frequency of 410 kHz, allows up to 24 mA to be driven into a
load resistance of up to 1 kΩ with an AVCC supply of 4.5 V to
5.5 V. It is important to ensure that the inductor is able to handle
the peak current without saturating, especially at the maximum
ambient temperature. If the inductor enters into saturation mode,
it results in a decrease in efficiency. The inductance value also
drops during saturation and may result in the dc-to-dc converter
circuit not being able to supply the required output power.
DC-to-DC Converter External Schottky Selection
The AD5757 requires an external Schottky for correct
operation. Ensure that the Schottky is rated to handle the
maximum reverse breakdown expected in operation and that
the rectifier maximum junction temperature is not exceeded.
The diode average current is approximately equal to the ILOAD
current. Diodes with larger forward voltage drops result in a
decrease in efficiency.