
PIC12F635/PIC16F636/639
DS41232B-page 60
Preliminary
2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
6.5
Timer1 Operation in
Asynchronous Counter Mode
If control bit T1SYNC (T1CON<2>) is set, the external
clock input is not synchronized. The timer continues to
increment asynchronous to the internal phase clocks.
The timer will continue to run during Sleep and can
generate an interrupt on overflow, which will wake-up the
processor. However, special precautions in software are
6.5.1
READING AND WRITING TIMER1 IN
ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER
MODE
Reading TMR1H or TMR1L while the timer is running
from an external asynchronous clock will ensure a valid
read (taken care of in hardware). However, the user
should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer in two
8-bit values itself, poses certain problems, since the
timer may overflow between the reads.
For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop
the timer and write the desired values. A write
contention may occur by writing to the timer registers
while the register is incrementing. This may produce an
unpredictable value in the timer register.
Reading
the
16-bit
value
requires
some
care.
Examples in the “PICmicro Mid-Range MCU Family
Reference Manual” (DS33023) show how to read and
write Timer1 when it is running in Asynchronous mode.
6.6
Timer1 Oscillator
A crystal oscillator circuit is built-in between pins OSC1
(input) and OSC2 (amplifier output). It is enabled by
setting control bit, T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The
oscillator is a low-power oscillator rated up to 31 kHz. It
will continue to run during Sleep. It is primarily intended
for a 32 kHz crystal.
Table 3-1 shows the capacitor
selection for the Timer1 oscillator.
The Timer1 oscillator is shared with the system LP
oscillator. Thus, Timer1 can use this mode only when
the primary system clock is derived from the internal
oscillator. As with the system LP oscillator, the user
must provide a software time delay to ensure proper
oscillator start-up.
TRISA5 and TRISA4 bits are set when the Timer1
oscillator is enabled. RA5 and RA4 bits read as ‘0’ and
TRISA5 and TRISA4 bits read as ‘1’.
6.7
Timer1 Operation During Sleep
Timer1 can only operate during Sleep when set up in
Asynchronous Counter mode. In this mode, an external
crystal or clock source can be used to increment the
counter. To set up the timer to wake the device:
Timer1 must be on (T1CON<0>)
TMR1IE bit (PIE1<0>) must be set
PEIE bit (INTCON<6>) must be set
The device will wake-up on an overflow. If the GIE bit
(INTCON<7>) is set, the device will wake-up and jump
to the Interrupt Service Routine (0004h) on an overflow.
If the GIE bit is clear, execution will continue with the
next instruction.
TABLE 6-1:
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1
Note:
The CMCON0 (19h) register must be
initialized to configure an analog channel
as a digital input. Pins configured as
analog inputs will read ‘0’.
Note:
The oscillator requires a start-up and
stabilization
time
before
use.
Thus,
T1OSCEN should be set and a suitable
delay observed prior to enabling Timer1.
Addr
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Value on
POR, BOD,
WUR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh/
8Bh
INTCON
GIE
PEIE
T0IE
INTE
RAIE
T0IF
INTF
RAIF
0000 0000 0000 0000
0Ch
PIR1
EEIF
LVDIF
CRIF
C2IF
C1IF
OSFIF
—TMR1IF 0000 00-0 0000 00-0
0Eh
TMR1L
Holding Register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0Fh
TMR1H
Holding Register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 Register
xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10h
T1CON
T1GINV TMR1GE T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
1Ah
CMCON
1
—
—T1GSS
C2SYNC ---- --10 ---- --10
8Ch
PIE1
EEIE
LVDIE
CRIE
C2IE
C1IE
OSFIE
—TMR1IE 0000 00-0 0000 00-0
Legend:
x
= unknown, u = unchanged, — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.