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Lattice Semiconductor
73
Data Sheet
November 2006
ORCA Series 3C and 3T FPGAs
Programmable Clock Manager (PCM)
(continued)
Delay-Locked Loop (DLL) Mode
DLL mode is used for implementing a delayed clock
(phase adjustment), clock doubling, and duty cycle
adjustment. All DLL functions stem from a delay line
with 32 taps. The delayed input clock is pulled from var-
ious taps and processed to implement the desired
result. There is no feedback clock in DLL mode, provid-
ing a very stable output and a fast lock time for the out-
put clock.
DLL mode is selected by setting bit 0 in PCM register
ve to a 0. The settings for the various submodes of
DLL mode are described in the following paragraphs.
Divider DIV0 may be used with any of the DLL modes
to divide the input clock by an integer factor of 1 to 8
prior to implementation of the DLL process.
Delayed Clock
A delayed version of the input clock can be constructed
in DLL mode. The output clock can be delayed by incre-
ments of 1/32 of the input clock period. Express CLK
and system CLK outputs in delay modes are selected
by setting register six, bits [5:4] to 10 or 11 for Express-
CLK
output, and/or bits [7:6] to 10 for system clock out-
put. The delay value is entered in register four. See
register four programming details for more information.
Delay values are also shown in the second column of
Note that when register six, bits [5:4] are set to 11, the
ExpressCLK
output is divided by an integer factor from
1 to 8 while the system clock cannot be divided. The
ExpressCLK
divider is provided so that the I/O clocking
provided by the ExpressCLK can operate slower than
the internal system clock. This allows for very fast inter-
nal processing while maintaining slower interface
speeds off-chip for improved noise and power perfor-
mance or to interoperate with slower devices in the sys-
tem. The divisor of the ExpressCLK frequency is
selected in register two. See the register two program-
ming details for more information.
1x Clock Duty-Cycle Adjustment
A duty-cycle adjusted replica of the input clock can be
constructed in DLL mode. The duty cycle can be
adjusted in 1/32 (3.125%) increments of the input clock
period. DLL 1x clock mode is selected by setting bit 4
of register ve to a 1, and output clock source selection
is selected by setting register six, bits [5:4] to 01 for
ExpressCLK
output, and/or bits [7:6] to 01 for system
clock output. The duty-cycle percentage value is
entered in register four. See register four programming
details for more information. Duty cycle values are also
Table 27. DLL Mode Delay/1x Duty Cycle
Programming Values
Register 4 [7:0]
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Delay
(CLK_IN/32)
Duty Cycle
(% of CLK_IN)
0 0 X X X 0 0 0
1
3.125
0 0 X X X 0 0 1
2
6.250
0 0 X X X 0 1 0
3
9.375
0 0 X X X 0 1 1
4
12.500
0 0 X X X 1 0 0
5
15.625
0 0 X X X 1 0 1
6
18.750
0 0 X X X 1 1 0
7
21.875
0 0 X X X 1 1 1
8
25.000
0 1 X X X 0 0 0
9
28.125
0 1 X X X 0 0 1
10
31.250
0 1 X X X 0 1 0
11
34.375
0 1 X X X 0 1 1
12
37.500
0 1 X X X 1 0 0
13
40.625
0 1 X X X 1 0 1
14
43.750
0 1 X X X 1 1 0
15
46.875
0 1 1 1 1 X X X
16
50.000
1 0 0 0 0 X X X
17
53.125
1 0 0 0 1 X X X
18
56.250
1 0 0 1 0 X X X
19
59.375
1 0 0 1 1 X X X
20
62.500
1 0 1 0 0 X X X
21
65.625
1 0 1 0 1 X X X
22
68.750
1 0 1 1 0 X X X
23
71.875
1 0 1 1 1 X X X
24
75.000
1 1 0 0 0 X X X
25
78.125
1 1 0 0 1 X X X
26
81.250
1 1 0 1 0 X X X
27
84.375
1 1 0 1 1 X X X
28
87.500
1 1 1 0 0 X X X
29
90.625
1 1 1 0 1 X X X
30
93.750
1 1 1 1 0 X X X
31
96.875
Select
devices
have
been
discontinued.
See
Ordering
Information
section
for
product
status.