
1997 Intermediate Version
Semiconductor Group
42
1997-10-01
C163-16F
C163-16F Clock Generation Modes
1) The external clock input range refers to a CPU clock range of 10...25 MHz.
2) The maximum depends on the duty cycle of the external clock signal.
Prescaler Operation
When pins P0.15-13 (P0H.7-5) equal ‘001’ during reset the CPU clock is derived from the internal
oscillator (input clock signal) by a 2:1 prescaler.
The frequency of fCPU is half the frequency of fXTAL and the high and low time of fCPU (i.e. the
duration of an individual TCL) is defined by the period of the input clock fXTAL.
The timings listed in the AC Characteristics that refer to TCLs therefore can be calculated using the
period of fXTAL for any TCL.
Direct Drive
When pins P0.15-13 (P0H.7-5) equal ‘011’ during reset the on-chip phase locked loop is disabled
and the CPU clock is directly driven from the internal oscillator with the input clock signal.
The frequency of fCPU directly follows the frequency of fXTAL so the high and low time of fCPU (i.e.
the duration of an individual TCL) is defined by the duty cycle of the input clock fXTAL.
The timings listed below that refer to TCLs therefore must be calculated using the minimum TCL
that is possible under the respective circumstances. This minimum value can be calculated via the
following formula:
TCLmin = 1/fXTAL * DCmin
(DC = duty cycle)
For two consecutive TCLs the deviation caused by the duty cycle of fXTAL is compensated so the
duration of 2TCL is always 1/fXTAL. The minimum value TCLmin therefore has to be used only once
for timings that require an odd number of TCLs (1,3,...). Timings that require an even number of
TCLs (2,4,...) may use the formula 2TCL = 1/fXTAL.
Note: The address float timings in Multiplexed bus mode (t11 and t45) use the maximum duration of
TCL (TCLmax = 1/fXTAL * DCmax) instead of TCLmin.
P0.15-13
(P0H.7-5)
CPU
Frequency fCPU
= fXTAL * F
External Clock Input
Range 1)
Notes
111
f
XTAL * 4
2.5 to 6.25 MHz
Default configuration
110
f
XTAL * 3
3.33 to 8.33 MHz
101
f
XTAL * 2
5 to 12.5 MHz
100
f
XTAL * 5
2 to 5 MHz
011
f
XTAL * 1
1 to 25 MHz
Direct drive 2)
010
f
XTAL * 1.5
6.66 to 16.6 MHz
001
f
XTAL / 2
2 to 50 MHz
CPU clock via prescaler
000
f
XTAL * 2.5
4 to 10 MHz