參數(shù)資料
型號(hào): GMS87C7216Q
廠商: Electronic Theatre Controls, Inc.
元件分類(lèi): 8位微控制器
英文描述: 8-BIT SINGLE-CHIP MICROCONTROLLERS
中文描述: 8位單晶片微控制器
文件頁(yè)數(shù): 21/121頁(yè)
文件大小: 1645K
代理商: GMS87C7216Q
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GMS81C7208/7216
FEB. 2005 Ver 1.04
17
8. MEMORY ORGANIZATION
The GMS81C7208/16 has separate address spaces for Program
memory and Data Memory. Program memory can only be read,
not written to. It can be up to 8K/16K bytes of Program memory.
Data memory can be read and written to up to 448 bytes including
the stack area and the LCD display RAM area.
8.1 Registers
This device has six registers that are the Program Counter (PC),
a Accumulator (A), two index registers (X, Y), the Stack Pointer
(SP), and the Program Status Word (PSW). The Program Counter
consists of 16-bit register.
Figure 8-1 Configuration of Registers
Accumulator:
The Accumulator is the 8-bit general purpose reg-
ister, used for data operation such as transfer, temporary saving,
and conditional judgement, etc.
The Accumulator can be used as a 16-bit register with Y Register
as shown below.
Figure 8-2 Configuration of YA 16-bit Register
X, Y Registers
: In the addressing mode which uses these index
registers, the register contents are added to the specified address,
which becomes the actual address. These modes are extremely ef-
fective for referencing subroutine tables and memory tables. The
index registers also have increment, decrement, comparison and
data transfer functions, and they can be used as simple accumula-
tors.
Stack Pointer
: The Stack Pointer is an 8-bit register used for oc-
currence interrupts and calling out subroutines. Stack Pointer
identifies the location in the stack to be access (save or restore).
Generally, SP is automatically updated when a subroutine call is
executed or an interrupt is accepted. However, if it is used in ex-
cess of the stack area permitted by the data memory allocating
configuration, the user-processed data may be lost.
The stack can be located at any position within 011B
H
to 01FF
H
of the internal data memory. The SP is not initialized by hard-
ware, requiring to write the initial value (the location with which
the use of the stack starts) by using the initialization routine. Nor-
mally, the initial value of “FF
H
” is used.
Note:
The Stack Pointer must be initialized by software be-
cause its value is undefined after RESET.
Example: To initialize the SP
LDX
TXSP
#0FFH
; SP
FFH
Program Counter
: The Program Counter is a 16-bit wide which
consists of two 8-bit registers, PCH and PCL. This counter indi-
cates the address of the next instruction to be executed. In reset
state, the program counter has reset routine address (PC
H
:0FF
H
,
PC
L
:0FE
H
).
Program Status Word
: The Program Status Word (PSW) con-
tains several bits that reflect the current state of the CPU. The
PSW is described in Figure 8-3. It contains the Negative flag, the
Overflow flag, the Break flag the Half Carry (for BCD opera-
tion), the Interrupt enable flag, the Zero flag, and the Carry flag.
[Carry flag C]
This flag stores any carry or not borrow from the ALU of CPU
after an arithmetic operation and is also changed by the Shift In-
struction or Rotate Instruction.
[Zero flag Z]
This flag is set when the result of an arithmetic operation or data
transfer is “0” and is cleared by any other result.
ACCUMULATOR
X REGISTER
Y REGISTER
STACK POINTER
PROGRAM COUNTER
PROGRAM STATUS
WORD
X
A
SP
Y
PCL
PSW
PCH
Two 8-bit Registers can be used as a “YA” 16-bit Register
Y
A
Y
A
SP
01
H
Stack Area (100
H
~ 1FF
H
)
8 7
Bit 15
Bit 0
Hardware Fixed
00
H
~FF
H
LCD display RAM area is located in 100
H
~11A
H
,
User must have concerning that Stack data does not
cross over LCD RAM area.
SP (Stack Pointer) could be in 00
H
~FF
H
.
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