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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
RC5053
11
P
RC5053 designs that use a 5V V
IN
voltage and a doubler
charge pump to generate PV
CC
will not provide enough
drive voltage to fully enhance standard power MOSFETs.
Under this condition, the effective MOSFET R
DS(ON)
may
be quite high, raising the dissipation in the MOSFETs and
reducing efficiency. Logic level MOSFETs are a better
choice for 5V-only systems. They can be fully enhanced with
the generated charge pump voltage and will operate at maxi-
mum efficiency. See the MOSFET Gate Drive section for
more charge pump information.
Once the threshold voltage has been selected, R
DS(ON)
should be chosen based on input and output voltage,
allowable power dissipation and maximum required output
current. In a typical RC5053 buck converter circuit the aver-
age inductor current is equal to the output load current. This
current is always flowing through either Q1 or Q2 with the
power dissipation split up according to the duty cycle:
The R
DS(ON)
required for a given conduction loss can now
be calculated by rearranging the relation P = I
2
R.
P
MAX
should be calculated based primarily on required
efficiency or allowable thermal dissipation. A typical high
efficiency circuit designed for Pentium II with a 5V input and
a 2.0V, 14.2A output might allow no more than 4% loss at
full load for each MOSFET. Assuming roughly 90%
efficiency at this current level, this gives a P
MAX
value of:
[(2.0)(14.2A/0.9)(0.04)] = 1.26W per MOSFET
and a required R
DS(ON)
of:
Note also that while the required R
DS(ON)
values suggest
large MOSFETs, the dissipation numbers are only 1.26W per
device or less––large TO-220 packages and heat sinks are not
necessarily required in high efficiency applications. Fairchild
NDB6030L are small footprint surface mount devices with
R
DS(ON)
values below 0.03
at 5V of gate drive that work
well in RC5053 circuits. With lower output voltages, the
R
DS(ON)
of Q2 may need to be significantly lower than that
for Q1. These conditions can often be met by paralleling two
DC Q1
)
V
IN
-V
=
DC Q2
)
1
V
IN
-V
–
V
-----------V
V
IN
–
(
)
=
=
R
DS(ON)Q1
P
DC Q1
)
[
]
I
MAX
(
)
2
-----------------------------------------------
V
V
OUT
-------------------------------------------
P
)
I
MAX
]
(
(
)
2
=
=
R
DS(ON)Q2
P
DC Q2
)
[
]
I
MAX
(
)
2
-----------------------------------------------
V
–
P
V
OUT
V
IN
(
)
I
MAX
(
)
2
--------------------------------------------------------
=
=
R
DS(ON)Q1
2.0V
)
1.26W
(
)
14.2A
(
)
)
2
(
----5V
0.016
=
=
R
DS(ON)Q2
–
)
1.26W
(
2.0V
)
14.2A
(
)
5V
(
)
2
------------5V
0.010
=
=
MOSFETs for Q2 and using a single device for Q1. Note that
using a higher P
MAX
value in the R
DS(ON)
calculations will
generally decrease MOSFET cost and circuit efficiency
while increasing MOSFET heat sink requirements.
Inductor Selection
The inductor is often the largest component in the RC5053
design and should be chosen carefully. Inductor value and
type should be chosen based on output slew rate require-
ments, output ripple requirements and expected peak current.
Inductor value is primarily controlled by the required current
slew rate. The maximum rate of rise of current in the inductor
is set by its value, the input-to-output voltage differential and
the maximum duty cycle of the RC5053. In a typical 5V
input, 2.0V output application, the maximum current slew
rate will be:
where L is the inductor value in
μ
H. With proper frequency
compensation, the combination of the inductor and output
capacitor will determine the transient recovery time. In
general, a smaller value inductor will improve transient
response at the expense of increased output ripple voltage
and inductor core saturation rating. A 2
μ
H inductor would
have a 1.23A/
μ
s rise time in this application, resulting in a
4.1
μ
s delay in responding to a 5A load current step. During
this 4.1
μ
s, the difference between the inductor current and
the output current must be made up by the output capacitor,
causing a temporary voltage droop at the output. To mini-
mize this effect, the inductor value should usually be in the
1
μ
H to 5
μ
H range for most typical 5V input RC5053 cir-
cuits. To optimize performance, different combinations of
input and output voltages and expected loads may require
different inductor values.
Once the required value is known, the inductor core type can
be chosen based on peak current and efficiency requirements.
Peak current in the inductor will be equal to the maximum
output load current plus half of the peak-to- peak inductor
ripple current. Ripple current is set by the inductor value, the
input and output voltage and the operating frequency. The
ripple current is approximately equal to:
(
)
V
f
OSC
f
OSC
= RC5053 oscillator frequency = 300kHz
L
O
= Inductor value
Solving this equation with our typical 5V to 2.0V application
with a 2
μ
H inductor, we get:
DC
MAX
V
----------------L
V
–
(
)
L
2.46
=
s
A
I
RIPPLE
IN
(
V
OUT
)
L
O
–
(
(
)
(
)
V
IN
)
-V
=
)
0.40
(
)
2
μ
H
(
)
)
-300kHz
2A
p-p
=