
Lucent Technologies Inc.
61
Data Sheet
June 1999
ORCA Series 2 FPGAs
ORCA Timing Characteristics 
(continued)
Table 15B. Derating for Commercial/Industrial 
Devices (OR2TxxB)
Power Supply Voltage
3.0 V
3.15 V
–40
0.81
0.78
0
0.86
0.83
25
0.9
0.87
85
1.0
0.95
100
1.02
0.98
125
1.06
1.03
Note: 
The derating tables shown above are for a typical critical path 
that contains 33% logic delay and 66% routing delay. Since the 
routing delay derates at a higher rate than the logic delay, paths 
with more than 66% routing delay will derate at a higher rate 
than shown in the table. The approximate derating values vs. 
temperature are 0.26% per °C for logic delay and 0.45% per °C 
for routing delay. The approximate derating values vs. voltage 
are 0.13% per mV for both logic and routing delays at 25 °C.
In addition to supply voltage, process variation, and 
operating temperature, circuit and process improve-
ments of the ORCA series FPGAs over time will result 
in significant improvement of the actual performance 
over those listed for a speed grade. Even though lower 
speed grades may still be available, the distribution of 
yield to timing parameters may be several speed bins 
higher than that designated on a product brand. Design 
practices need to consider best-case timing parame-
ters (e.g., delays = 0), as well as worst-case timing.
The routing delays are a function of fan-out and the 
capacitance associated with the CIPs and metal inter-
connect in the path. The number of logic elements that 
can be driven (or fan-out) by PFUs is unlimited, 
although the delay to reach a valid logic level can 
exceed timing requirements. It is difficult to make accu-
rate routing delay estimates prior to design compilation 
based on fan-out. This is because the CAE software 
may delete redundant logic inserted by the designer to 
reduce fan-out, and/or it may also automatically reduce 
fan-out by net splitting.
The waveform test points are given in the Measure-
ment Conditions section of this data sheet. The timing 
parameters given in the electrical characteristics tables 
in this data sheet follow industry practices, and the val-
ues they reflect are described below. 
I
 Propagation Delay
—the time between the specified 
reference points. The delays provided are the worst 
case of the tphh and tpll delays for noninverting func-
tions, tplh and tphl for inverting functions, and tphz 
and tplz for 3-state enable.
I
 Setup Time
—the interval immediately preceding the 
transition of a clock or latch enable signal, during 
which the data must be stable to ensure it is recog-
nized as the intended value.
I
 Hold Time
—the interval immediately following the 
transition of a clock or latch enable signal, during 
which the data must be held stable to ensure it is rec-
ognized as the intended value.
I
 3-state Enable
—the time from when a TS[3:0] signal 
becomes active and the output pad reaches the high- 
impedance state. 
Estimating Power Dissipation
OR2CxxA
The total operating power dissipated is estimated by 
summing the standby (I
DDSB
), internal, and external 
power dissipated. The internal and external power is 
the power consumed in the PLCs and PICs, respec-
tively. In general, the standby power is small and may 
be neglected. The total operating power is as follows:
P
T
 = 
Σ
 P
PLC
 + 
Σ
 P
PIC
The internal operating power is made up of two parts: 
clock generation and PFU output power. The PFU out-
put power can be estimated based upon the number of 
PFU outputs switching when driving an average fan-out 
of two:
P
PFU
 = 0.16 mW/MHz
For each PFU output that switches, 0.16 mW/MHz 
needs to be multiplied times the frequency (in MHz) 
that the output switches. Generally, this can be esti-
mated by using one-half the clock rate, multiplied by 
some activity factor; for example, 20%.
The power dissipated by the clock generation circuitry 
is based upon four parts: the fixed clock power, the 
power/clock branch row or column, the clock power dis-
sipated in each PFU that uses this particular clock, and 
the power from the subset of those PFUs that is config-
ured in either of the two synchronous modes (SSPM or 
SDPM). Therefore, the clock power can be calculated 
for the four parts using the following equations:
OR2C04A Clock Power
P
= [0.62 mW/MHz 
+ (0.22 mW/MHz – Branch) (# Branches)
+ (0.022 mW/MHz – PFU) (# PFUs)
+ (0.006 mW/MHz – SMEM_PFU)
(# SMEM_PFUs)] fCLK
For a quick estimate, the worst-case (typical circuit) 
OR2C04A clock power 
≈
 3.9 mW/MHz.
T
J
(°C)
3.3 V
0.76
0.80
0.83
0.93
0.95
0.98
3.45 V
0.74
0.77
0.8
0.88
0.91
0.95
3.6 V
0.73
0.76
0.78
0.86
0.88
0.92