參數(shù)資料
型號(hào): LTC3858EUH-2#PBF
廠商: LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORP
元件分類: 穩(wěn)壓器
英文描述: DUAL SWITCHING CONTROLLER, 900 kHz SWITCHING FREQ-MAX, PQCC32
封裝: 5 X 5 MM, LEAD FREE, PLASTIC, MO-220WHHD, QFN-32
文件頁(yè)數(shù): 19/40頁(yè)
文件大?。?/td> 432K
代理商: LTC3858EUH-2#PBF
LTC3858-2
26
38582f
Efficiency Considerations
The percent efficiency of a switching regulator is equal to
the output power divided by the input power times 100%.
It is often useful to analyze individual losses to determine
what is limiting the efficiency and which change would
produce the most improvement. Percent efficiency can
be expressed as:
%Efficiency = 100% – (L1 + L2 + L3 + ...)
where L1, L2, etc. are the individual losses as a percent-
age of input power.
Although all dissipative elements in the circuit produce
losses, four main sources usually account for most of
the losses in LTC3858-2 circuits: 1) IC VIN current, 2) IN-
TVCC regulator current, 3) I2R losses, 4) topside MOSFET
transition losses.
1. The VIN current is the DC input supply current given
in the Electrical Characteristics table, which excludes
MOSFET driver and control currents. VIN current typi-
cally results in a small (<0.1%) loss.
2. INTVCC current is the sum of the MOSFET driver and
control currents. The MOSFET driver current results
from switching the gate capacitance of the power
MOSFETs. Each time a MOSFET gate is switched
from low to high to low again, a packet of charge, dQ,
moves from INTVCC to ground. The resulting dQ/dt is
a current out of INTVCC that is typically much larger
than the control circuit current. In continuous mode,
IGATECHG = f(QT + QB), where QT and QB are the gate
charges of the topside and bottom side MOSFETs.
Supplying INTVCC from an output-derived power source
through EXTVCC will scale the VIN current required for
the driver and control circuits by a factor of (Duty Cycle)/
(Efficiency). For example, in a 20V to 5V application,
10mA of INTVCC current results in approximately 2.5mA
of VIN current. This reduces the midcurrent loss from
10% or more (if the driver was powered directly from
VIN) to only a few percent.
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
3. I2R losses are predicted from the DC resistances of the
fuse (if used), MOSFET, inductor, current sense resis-
tor, and input and output capacitor ESR. In continuous
mode the average output current flows through L and
RSENSE, but is “chopped” between the topside MOSFET
and the synchronous MOSFET. If the two MOSFETs have
approximately the same RDS(ON), then the resistance
of one MOSFET can simply be summed with the resis-
tances of L, RSENSE and ESR to obtain I2R losses. For
example, if each RDS(ON) = 30mΩ, RL = 50mΩ, RSENSE
= 10mΩ and RESR = 40mΩ (sum of both input and
output capacitance losses), then the total resistance
is 130mΩ. This results in losses ranging from 3% to
13% as the output current increases from 1A to 5A for
a 5V output, or a 4% to 20% loss for a 3.3V output.
Efficiency varies as the inverse square of VOUT for the
same external components and output power level. The
combined effects of increasingly lower output voltages
and higher currents required by high performance digital
systems is not doubling but quadrupling the importance
of loss terms in the switching regulator system!
4. Transition losses apply only to the topside MOSFET(s),
and become significant only when operating at high
input voltages (typically 15V or greater). Transition
losses can be estimated from:
Transition Loss = (1.7) VIN 2 IO(MAX) CRSS f
Other “hidden” losses such as copper trace and internal
battery resistances can account for an additional 5% to
10% efficiency degradation in portable systems. It is
very important to include these “system” level losses
during the design phase. The internal battery and fuse
resistance losses can be minimized by making sure that
CIN has adequate charge storage and very low ESR at
the switching frequency. A 25W supply will typically
require a minimum of 20μF to 40μF of capacitance
having a maximum of 20mΩ to 50mΩ of ESR. The
LTC3858-2 2-phase architecture typically halves this
input capacitance requirement over competing solu-
tions. Other losses including Schottky conduction losses
during dead-time and inductor core losses generally
account for less than 2% total additional loss.
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