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ADF7020
Preliminary Technical Data
Analog Lock Detect
Rev. PrH | Page 12 of 40
This N-channel open-drain lock detect should be operated with
an external pull-up resistor of 10 k nominal. When a lock has
been detected, this output is high with narrow low-going pulses.
Voltage Regulators
The ADF7020 contains four regulators to supply stable voltages
to the part. The nominal regulator voltage is 2.3 V. Each
regulator should have a 100 nF capacitor connected between
VREG and GND. When CE is high, the regulators and other
associated circuitry are powered on, drawing a total supply
current of 2 mA. Bringing the chip-enable pin low disables the
regulators, reduces the supply current to less than 1 μA, and
erases all values held in the registers. The serial interface
operates off a regulator supply; therefore, to write to the part,
the user must have CE high and the regulator voltage must be
stabilized. Regulator status (VREG4) can be monitored using
the regulator ready signal from MUXOUT.
Loop Filter
The loop filter integrates the current pulses from the charge
pump to form a voltage that tunes the output of the VCO to the
desired frequency. It also attenuates spurious levels generated by
the PLL. A typical loop filter design is shown in Figure 8.
0
CHARGE
PUMP OUT
VCO
Figure 8. Typical Loop Filter Configuration
In FSK, the loop should be designed so that the loop bandwidth
(LBW) is approximately five times the data rate. Widening the
LBW excessively reduces the time spent jumping between
frequencies, but can cause insufficient spurious attenuation.
For ASK systems, a wider LBW is recommended. The sudden
large transition between two power levels might result in VCO
pulling and can cause a wider output spectrum than is desired.
By widening the LBW to more than 10 times the data rate, the
amount of VCO pulling is reduced, because the loop settles
quickly back to the correct frequency. The wider LBW might
restrict the output power and data rate of ASK-based systems
compared with FSK-based systems.
Narrow-loop bandwidths can result in the loop taking long
periods of time to attain lock. Careful design of the loop filter is
critical to obtaining accurate FSK/GFSK modulation.
For GFSK, it is recommended that an LBW of 2.0 to 2.5 times
the data rate be used to ensure that sufficient samples are taken
of the input data while filtering system noise. The free design
tool ADIsimPLL can be used to design loop filters for the
ADF7020.
N Counter
The feedback divider in the ADF7020 PLL consists of an 8-bit
integer counter and a 14-bit
Σ
-
fractional-N divider. The
integer counter is the standard pulse-swallow type common in
PLLs. This sets the minimum integer divide value to 31. The
fractional divide value gives very fine resolution at the output,
where the output frequency of the PLL is calculated as
F
OUT
=
R
XTAL
× (
Integer-N
+
14
2
-N
Fractional
)
0
VCO
4N
THIRD-ORDER
Σ
-
MODULATOR
PFD/
CHARGE
PUMP
4R
INTEGER-N
FRACTIONAL-N
REFERENCE IN
Figure 9. Fractional-N PLL
The combination of the integer-N (maximum = 255) and the
fractional-N (maximum = 16383/16384) give a maximum N
divider of 255 + 1. Therefore, the minimum usable PFD is
PDF
MIN
[Hz] =
Maximum Required Output Frequency
/(255 + 1)
For example, when operating in the European 868 MHz to
870 MHz band,
PFD
MIN
equals 3.4 MHz.
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
To minimize spurious emissions, the on-chip VCO operates
from 1732 MHz to 1856 MHz. The VCO signal is then divided
by 2 to give the required frequency for the transmitter and the
required LO frequency for the receiver.
The VCO should be recentered, depending on the required
frequency of operation, by programming the VCO adjust bits
R1_DB(20:21).
The VCO is enabled as part of the PLL by the PLL-enable bit,
R0_DB28.
A further frequency divide-by-2 is included to allow operation
in the lower 433 MHz and 460 MHz bands. To enable operation
in the these bands, R1_DB13 should be set to 1. The VCO needs
an external 22 nF between the VCO and the regulator to reduce
internal noise.