
AD9289
Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 32
THEORY OF OPERATION
Each A/D converter in the AD9289 architecture consists of a
front send sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA) followed by a
pipe-lined, switched capacitor ADC. The pipelined ADC is
divided into two sections, consisting of six 1.5-bit stages and a
final 2-bit flash. Each stage provides sufficient overlap to correct
for flash errors in the preceding stages. The quantized outputs
from each stage are combined into a final 8-bit result in the
digital correc-tion logic. The pipelined architecture permits the
first stage to operate on a new input sample, while the
remaining stages operate on preceding samples. Sampling
occurs on the rising edge of the clock.
Each stage of the pipeline, excluding the last, consists of a low
resolution flash ADC connected to a switched capacitor digital-
to-analog converter (DAC) and interstage residue amplifier
(MDAC). The MDAC magnifies the difference between the
reconstructed DAC output and the flash input for the next stage
in the pipeline. One bit of redundancy is used in each of the
stages to facilitate digital correction of flash errors. The last
stage simply consists of a flash ADC.
The input stage contains a differential SHA that can be config-
ured as ac- or dc-coupled in differential or single-ended modes.
The output-staging block aligns the data and carries out the
error correction. The data is serialized and aligned to the frame,
output clock, and lock detection circuitry.
ANALOG INPUT AND REFERENCE OVERVIEW
The analog input to the AD9289 is a differential-switched
capacitor SHA that has been designed for optimum perfor-
mance while processing a differential input signal. The SHA
input can support a wide common-mode range and maintain
An input common-mode voltage of midsupply minimizes
signal dependent errors and provides optimum performance.
03682-051
H
VIN+
VIN–
CPAR
S
Figure 25. Switched-Capacitor SHA Input UPDATE
The clock signal alternately switches the SHA between sample
switched into sample mode, the signal source must be capable
of charging the sample capacitors and settling within one-half
of a clock cycle. A small resistor in series with each input can
help reduce the peak transient current required from the output
stage of the driving source. Also, a small shunt capacitor can
be placed across the inputs to provide dynamic charging
currents. This passive network creates a low-pass filter at the
ADC’s input; therefore, the precise values are dependent on
the application.
The analog inputs of the AD9289 are not internally dc biased. In
ac-coupled applications, the user must provide this bias exter-
nally. Setting the device so that VCM = AVDD/2 is recommended
for optimum performance, but the device functions over a
wider range with reasonable performance (see
Figure 26 and
2V p-p, SFDR (dBc)
2V p-p, SNR (dB)
1V p-p, SNR (dB)
1V p-p, SFDR (dBc)
ANALOG INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
dB
75
70
60
50
55
65
45
40
35
0
0.5
1.0
2.0
1.5
2.5
3.0
03682-030
Figure 26. SNR, SFDR vs. Common-Mode Voltage, fIN = 2.4 MHz,
fSAMPLE = 65 MSPS
2V p-p, SFDR (dBc)
2V p-p, SNR (dB)
1V p-p, SNR (dB)
1V p-p, SFDR (dBc)
ANALOG INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
dB
75
70
60
50
55
65
45
40
35
0
0.5
1.0
2.0
1.5
2.5
3.0
03682-031
Figure 27. SNR, SFDR vs. Common-Mode Voltage, fIN = 35 MHz,
fSAMPLE = 65 MSPS
For best dynamic performance, the source impedances driving
VIN+ and VIN should be matched such that common-mode
settling errors are symmetrical. These errors are reduced by the
common-mode rejection of the ADC.