
LTC4090
15
4090f
OPERATION
Suspend Mode
When SUSP is pulled above VIH(typically1.2V)theLTC4090
enters suspend mode to comply with the USB specica-
tion. In this mode, the power path between IN and OUT
is put in a high impedance state to reduce the IN input
current to 50μA. If no other power source is available to
drive HVIN, the system load connected to OUT is supplied
through the ideal diodes connected to BAT.
Battery Charger
The battery charger circuits of the LTC4090 are designed
for charging single cell lithium-ion batteries. Featuring
an internal P-channel power MOSFET, the charger uses
a constant current / constant voltage charge algorithm
with programmable charge current and a programmable
timer for charge termination. Charge current can be
programmed up to 1.5A. The nal oat voltage accuracy
is ±0.8% typical. No blocking diode or sense resistor is
required when powering either the IN or the HVIN pins.
The CHRG open-drain status output provides information
regarding the charging status of the LTC4090 at all times.
An NTC input provides the option of charge qualication
using battery temperature.
The charge cycle begins when the voltage at the OUT
pin rises above the battery voltage and the battery volt-
age is below the recharge threshold. No charge current
actually ows until the OUT voltage is 100mV above the
BAT voltage. At the beginning of the charge cycle, if the
battery voltage is below 2.9V, the charger goes into trickle
charge mode to bring the cell voltage up to a safe level for
charging. The charger goes into the fast charge constant
current mode once the voltage on the BAT pin rises above
2.9V. In constant current mode, the charge current is set
by RPROG. When the battery approaches the nal oat
voltage, the charge current begins to decrease as the
LTC4090 switches to constant voltage mode. When the
charge current drops below 10% of the programmed value
while in constant voltage mode the CHRG pin assumes a
high impedance state.
An external capacitor on the TIMER pin sets the total
minimum charge time. When this time elapses, the
charge cycle terminates and the CHRG pin assumes a
high impedance state, if it has not already done so. While
charging in constant current mode, if the charge current
is decreased by thermal regulation or in order to maintain
the programmed input current limit, the charge time is
automatically increased. In other words, the charge time is
extended inversely proportional to the actual charge current
delivered to the battery. For Li-Ion and similar batteries that
require accurate nal oat potential, the internal bandgap
reference, voltage amplier and the resistor divider provide
regulation with ±0.8% accuracy.
Trickle Charge and Defective Battery Detection
At the beginning of a charge cycle, if the battery voltage
is below 2.9V, the charger goes into trickle charge reduc-
ing the charge current to 10% of the full-scale current.
If the low battery voltage persists for one quarter of the
programmed total charge time, the battery is assumed
to be defective, the charge cycle is terminated and the
CHRG pin output assumes a high impedance state. If
for any reason the battery voltage rises above ~2.9V the
charge cycle will be restarted. To restart the charge cycle
(i.e., when the dead battery is replaced with a discharged
battery), simply remove the input voltage and reapply it
or cycle the TIMER pin to 0V.
Programming Charge Current
The formula for the battery charge current is:
II
V
R
CHG
PROG
==
,
50 000
Figure 3. LTC4090 Versus Schottky Diode Forward Voltage Drop
CONSTANT
I0N
CONSTANT
R0N
CONSTANT
V0N
VFWD
IMAX
FORWARD VOLTAGE (V)
4090 F03
IFWD
0
CURRENT
(A)
SLOPE: 1/RDIO(ON)
SLOPE: 1/RFWD
SCHOTTKY
DIODE
LTC4090