
14
defined below, there is a separate set of equations for the
compensation components.
In Equations 17, L is the per-channel filter inductance
divided by the number of active channels; C is the sum total
of all output capacitors; ESR is the equivalent-series
resistance of the bulk output-filter capacitance; and V
PP
is
the peak-to-peak sawtooth signal amplitude as described in
Figure 5 and
Electrical Specifications
.
Once selected, the compensation values in Equations 17
assure a stable converter with reasonable transient perfor-
mance. In most cases, transient performance can be
improved by making adjustments to R
C
. Slowly increase the
value of R
C
while observing the transient performance on an
oscilloscope until no further improvement is noted. Normally,
C
C
will not need adjustment. Keep the value of C
C
from
Equations 17 unless some performance issue is noted.
The optional capacitor C
2
, is sometimes needed to bypass
noise away from the PWM comparator (see Figure 5). Keep
a position available for C
2
, and be prepared to install a high-
frequency capacitor of between 22pF and 150pF in case any
jitter problem is noted.
COMPENSATION WITHOUT LOAD-LINE REGULATION
The non load-line regulated converter is accurately modeled
as a voltage-mode regulator with two poles at the L-C
resonant frequency and a zero at the ESR frequency. A type
III controller, as shown in Figure 12, provides the necessary
compensation.
The first step is to choose the desired bandwidth, f
0
, of the
compensated system. Choose a frequency high enough to
assure adequate transient performance but not higher than
1/3 of the switching frequency. The type-III compensator has
an extra high-frequency pole, f
HF
. This pole can be used for
added noise rejection or to assure adequate attenuation at
the error-amplifier high-order pole and zero frequencies. A
good general r
u
le is to chose f
HF
= 1
0f
0
, but it can be higher
if desired. Choosing f
HF
to be lower than 1
0
f
0
can cause
problems with too much phase shift below the system
bandwidth.
In the solutions to the compensation equations, there is a
single degree of freedom. For the solutions presented in
Equations 18, R
FB
is selected arbitrarily. The remaining
compensation components are then selected according to
Equations 18.
FIGURE 11. COMPENSATION CONFIGURATION FOR
LOAD-LINE REGULATED ISL6219 CIRCUIT
I
COMP
C
C
R
C
R
FB
FB
VSEN
-
+
V
DROOP
C
2
(OPTIONAL)
2
π
LC
-------------------
f
0
>
R
C
R
FB
2
π
f
V
LC
IN
0.75V
2
π
V
PP
R
FB
f
0
-----------------------------------
=
C
C
------------------------------------
=
Case 1:
2
π
LC
-------------------
f
0
)
-----------------------------
<
≤
R
C
R
FB
V
2
π
IN
0.75V
)
2
f
02
V
PP
R
FB
LC
(
)
2
f
2
LC
--------------------------------------------
=
C
C
2
π
(
------------------------------------------------------------
=
Case 2:
(EQ. 17)
f
0
2
π
C ESR
)
-----------------------------
>
R
C
R
FB
2
π
f
V
L
IN
)
-----------------------------------------
=
C
C
0.75V
ESR
2
π
V
PP
R
FB
f
0
L
-------------------------------------------------
=
Case 3:
FIGURE 12. COMPENSATION CIRCUIT FOR ISL6219 BASED
CONVERTER WITHOUT LOAD-LINE
REGULATION.
I
COMP
C
C
R
C
R
FB
FB
VSEN
-
+
V
DROOP
C
2
C
1
R
1
C
1
FB
)
------------–
=
R
C
V
2
π
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2
f
f
LC
0.75V
IN
2
π
f
HF
LC 1
–
=
ISL6219