
2-19
After a brief setup time as illustrated on the timeline of Figure
12, the signal begins to emerge from the demodulator.
It takes 7 more symbols to seed the descrambler before valid
data is available. This occurs in time for the SFD to be received.
At this time the demodulator is tracking and in the coherent
PSK demodulation mode it will no longer scan antennas.
One Antenna Acquisition
(Only Recommended if Multipath is Not Significant)
When only one antenna is being used, the user can delete
the antenna switch and shorten the acquisition sequence.
Figure 13 shows the single antenna acquisition timeline with
an 80 symbol preamble. This scheme deletes the second
antenna dwells but performs the same otherwise. It verifies
the signal after initial detection for lower false alarm
probability.
Acquisition Signal Quality Parameters
Two measures of signal quality are used to determine
acquisition. The first method of determining signal presence
is to measure the correlator output (or bit sync) amplitude.
This measure, however, flattens out in the range of high BER
and is sensitive to signal amplitude. The second measure is
phase noise and in most BER scenarios it is a better
indication of good signals plus it is insensitive to signal
amplitude.
The metric for choosing the best antenna is determined by
CR5 bit 3. When set to a zero the antenna with the smallest
phase variance (SQ2) is chosen. This metric has shown to
have a poor measure of multipath effects and is best suited
for 1 and 2MBPS operations. When set to a one, the six
sidelobes (3 on either side of the 3 centered on the bit sync
peak) are summed and compared. The antenna with the
smallest sum (SQ3) is selected. This metric is optimal for
improving 5.5 and 11MBPS operation in the presence of
multipath.
CR5 bit 4 is to select the bit sync accumulation duration
used during antenna dwells. When set to a zero the
accumulation is over 15 symbols (consistent with HSP3824,
HFA3824A, HFA3860). This setting allows the user to set the
CSE and SQ1 thresholds as before and retain consistent
CSE and acquisition performance. When set to a one, the bit
sync accumulates on the last 13 symbols instead of the last
15. The SQ1 value will be numerically smaller, so CSE and
SQ1 acquisition thresholds may need adjustment. The
benefit of setting this bit is the elimination of transients (due
to antenna switching and A/D timing adjustments) in the bit
sync accumulation. This provides the best possible data for
SQ3 based antenna diversity.
The bit sync amplitude and phase noise are integrated over
each block of 16 symbols used in acquisition or over blocks
of 64 symbols in the data demodulation mode. The bit sync
amplitude measurement represents the peak of the
correlation out of the PN correlator. Figure 14 shows the
correlation process. The signal is sampled at twice the chip
rate (i.e., 22MSPS). The one sample that falls closest to the
peak is used for a bit sync amplitude sample for each
symbol. This sample is called the on-time sample. High bit
sync amplitude means a good signal. The early and late
samples are the two adjacent samples and are used for
tracking.
The other signal quality measurement is based on phase
noise and that is taken by sampling the correlator output at
the correlator peaks. The phase changes due to scrambling
are removed by differential demodulation during initial
acquisition. Then the phase, the phase rate and the phase
variance are measured and integrated for 16 symbols. The
phase variance is used for the phase noise signal quality
measure (SQ2). Low phase noise means a stronger
received signal.
HFA3860B