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234
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ATmega169P
23. LCD Controller
23.1
Features
Display Capacity of 25 Segments and Four Common Terminals
Support Static, 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 Duty
Support Static, 1/2, 1/3 Bias
On-chip LCD Power Supply, only One External Capacitor needed
Display Possible in Power-save Mode for Low Power Consumption
Software Selectable Low Power Waveform Capability
Flexible Selection of Frame Frequency
Software Selection between System Clock or an External Asynchronous Clock Source
Equal Source and Sink Capability to maximize LCD Life Time
LCD Interrupt Can be Used for Display Data Update or Wake-up from Sleep Mode
Segment and Common Pins not Needed for Driving the Display Can be Used as Ordinary I/O Pins
Latching of Display Data gives Full Freedom in Register Update
23.2
Overview
The LCD Controller/driver is intended for monochrome passive liquid crystal display (LCD) with
up to four common terminals and up to 25 segment terminals.
A simplified block diagram of the LCD Controller/Driver is shown in Figure 23-1 on page 235. For
An LCD consists of several segments (pixels or complete symbols) which can be visible or non
visible. A segment has two electrodes with liquid crystal between them. When a voltage above a
threshold voltage is applied across the liquid crystal, the segment becomes visible.
The voltage must alternate to avoid an electrophoresis effect in the liquid crystal, which
degrades the display. Hence the waveform across a segment must not have a DC-component.
The PRLCD bit in 鈥漃RR 鈥� Power Reduction Register鈥� on page 45 must be written to zero to
enable the LCD module.
23.2.1
Definitions
Several terms are used when describing LCD. The definitions in Table 23-1 are used throughout
this document.
Table 23-1.
Definitions
LCD
A passive display panel with terminals leading directly to a segment
Segment
The least viewing element (pixel) which can be on or off
Common
Denotes how many segments are connected to a segment terminal
Duty
1/(Number of common terminals on a actual LCD display)
Bias
1/(Number of voltage levels used driving a LCD display -1)
Frame Rate
Number of times the LCD segments is energized per second.
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