參數(shù)資料
型號: MPC9448ACR2
廠商: FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR INC
元件分類: 時鐘及定時
英文描述: 9448 SERIES, LOW SKEW CLOCK DRIVER, 12 TRUE OUTPUT(S), 0 INVERTED OUTPUT(S), PQFP32
封裝: PLASTIC, LQFP-32
文件頁數(shù): 7/10頁
文件大?。?/td> 395K
代理商: MPC9448ACR2
6
MPC9448
MOTOROLA ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA
586
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Figure 3. Output Clock Stop (CLK_STOP) Timing
Diagram
CCLK or
PCLK
CLK_STOP
Q0 to Q11
Driving Transmission Lines
The MPC9448 clock driver was designed to drive high
speed signals in a terminated transmission line environment.
To provide the optimum flexibility to the user, the output drivers
were designed to exhibit the lowest impedance possible. With
an output impedance of 17
(VCC=3.3V), the outputs can drive
either parallel or series terminated transmission lines.
For
more information on transmission lines, the reader is referred
to Motorola application note AN1091. In most high perfor-
mance clock networks, point–to–point distribution of signals is
the method of choice. In a point–to–point scheme, either se-
ries terminated or parallel terminated transmission lines can be
used. The parallel technique terminates the signal at the end
of the line with a 50
resistance to VCC÷2.
Figure 4. Single versus Dual Transmission Lines
17
IN
MPC9448
OUTPUT
BUFFER
RS = 33
ZO = 50
OutA
17
IN
MPC9448
OUTPUT
BUFFER
RS = 33
ZO = 50
OutB0
RS = 33
ZO = 50
OutB1
This technique draws a fairly high level of DC current and
thus only a single terminated line can be driven by each output
of the MPC9448 clock driver. For the series terminated case,
however, there is no DC current draw; thus, the outputs can
drive multiple series terminated lines. Figure 4 “Single versus
Dual Transmission Lines” illustrates an output driving a single
series terminated line versus two series terminated lines in
parallel. When taken to its extreme, the fanout of the MPC9448
clock driver is effectively doubled due to its capability to drive
multiple lines at VCC=3.3V.
Figure 5. Single versus Dual Line Termination
Waveforms
TIME (nS)
VOL
TAGE
(V)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
OutB
tD = 3.9386
OutA
tD = 3.8956
In
The waveform plots in Figure 5 “Single versus Dual Line
Termination Waveforms” show the simulation results of an out-
put driving a single line versus two lines. In both cases, the
drive capability of the MPC9448 output buffer is more than suf-
ficient to drive 50
transmission lines on the incident edge.
Note from the delay measurements in the simulations a delta
of only 43ps exists between the two differently loaded outputs.
This suggests that the dual line driving need not be used exclu-
sively to maintain the tight output–to–output skew of the
MPC9448. The output waveform in Figure 5 “Single versus
Dual Line Termination Waveforms” shows a step in the wave-
form; this step is caused by the impedance mismatch seen
looking into the driver. The parallel combination of the 33
se-
ries resistor plus the output impedance does not match the
parallel combination of the line impedances. The voltage wave
launched down the two lines will equal:
VL = VS ( Z0 ÷ (RS+R0 +Z0))
Z0 = 50 || 50
RS = 33 || 33
R0 = 17
VL = 3.0 ( 25 ÷ (16.5+17+25)
= 1.28V
At the load end the voltage will double, due to the near unity
reflection coefficient, to 2.5V. It will then increment towards the
quiescent 3.0V in steps separated by one round trip delay (in
this case 4.0ns).
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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