
M
+48V Quad Hot-Swap Controllers For
Power-Over-LAN
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
Detailed Description
The MAX5913/MAX5914 quadruple hot-swap controllers
provide Power-Over-MDI, also known as Power-Over-
LAN systems (Figure 5). The MAX5913/MAX5914 enable
control of four external N-channel MOSFET switches
from a single V
CC
ranging from +35V to +72V, with tim-
ing control and current-limiting functions built in.
Features include undervoltage lockout (UVLO), 100mA
relay drivers, dual-level current sense, foldback current
limit, programmable overcurrent time and auto-retry
periods, internal charge pumps to drive external MOS-
FET and soft-start, port status output indicating Power-
OK or open-circuit conditions (Figure 6).
Switch and Relay Control Inputs
The MAX5913/MAX5914 ON_ inputs turn on the corre-
sponding MOSFET switch. Driving ON_ high turns on
the switch if the corresponding RLYON is driven high,
and V
CC
> V
UVLO
for more than 25.6ms. Driving
RLYON_ high immediately turns on the corresponding
relay, and activates the 25.6ms delay after which the
corresponding ON_ input is active. Driving RLYON_ low
immediately turns off the switch and activates a 3.2ms
delay after which the relay is turned off. These internal
delays safely allow driving ON_ and RLYON_ simulta-
neously. The relay is turned on while the switch is off so
that there is no voltage across the relay contacts. The
relay is turned off while the switch is off so that there is
no current flowing when the relay contacts are opened
(see Figure 3).
Input Voltage and UVLO
The MAX5913/MAX5914 operate from +35V to +72V
supply voltage. V
CC
powers the MAX5913/MAX5914
analog circuitry and is monitored continuously during
startup and normal operation. The MAX5913/MAX5914
keep all MOSFET switches and relay drivers securely
off before V
CC
rises above V
UVLO
. The MAX5913/
MAX5914 turn off all MOSFET switches and relay dri-
vers after V
CC
falls below V
UVLO
- V
UVLO,H
.
Startup
When the turn-on condition is met (see
Input Voltage
and UVLO and Switch
and
Relay Control Inputs
sec-
tions), the MAX5913/MAX5914 slowly turn on the exter-
nal MOSFET switch by charging its gate using a
constant current source, I
GATE
(10μA typ). The gate
voltage slope is determined by the total gate capaci-
tance C
GATE
connected to this node. Since the output
voltage follows the gate voltage, thus the output rises
with a slope determined by:
If a capacitor load is connected to the output the total
current through the FET is:
where C
L
is the load capacitance and I
L
is the current
required by any load connected to the output during
the startup phase.
If the current through the FET reaches the programmed
current-limit value:
the internal current-limit circuitry activates and regu-
lates this FET current to be a value, I
LIM
, that depends
on V
OUT
(I
FLBK
) (Figure 8). See the
Current Sensing
and Regulation
section for more information. In this
case the maximum rate of change of the output is
determined by:
The formula shows the necessity for I
LIM
to be larger
than I
L
in order to allow the output voltage to rise. The
foldback function is active as long as the circuit is in
overcurrent condition. Should the overcurrent condition
persist for a period longer than the maximum time t
O
,
the switch is latched off and GATE_ is discharged to
ground with a 1mA pulldown current.
If auto-retry is enabled, the switch turns on again after a
waiting period, t
OFF
, which is determined by the pro-
grammed duty cycle.
After the startup, the internal charge pumps provide
(V
CC
+ 9V) typical gate overdrive to fully turn on the
switch. When the switch is fully on (voltage drop across
the switch is
≤
1.5V), and the switch is not in current
limit, the Power-OK signal is asserted.
Current Sensing and Regulation
The MAX5913/MAX5914 control port current with using
two voltage comparators (dual-level detection) that
sense the voltage drop across an external current-
sense resistor. Connect CSP_ to V
CC
and connect a
current-sense resistor between CSP_ and DRAIN_.
Kelvin sensing should be used as shown in Figure 7.
V
t
I
I
C
OUT
LIM
L
L
=
I
V
R
MAX
SC
SENSE
=
I I
C
C
I
GATE
L
GATE
L
+
V
t
I
C
OUT
GATE
GATE
=