LTC2208
20
2208fa
Figure 4a shows transformer coupling using a transmis-
sion line balun transformer. This type of transformer has
much better high frequency response and balance than
flux coupled center tap transformers. Coupling capacitors
are added at the ground and input primary terminals to
allow the secondary terminals to be biased at 1.25V. Figure
4b shows the same circuit with components suitable for
higher input frequencies.
Figure 5. DC Coupled Input with Differential Amplifier
0.1
μ
F
A
IN+
A
IN–
4.7pF
2.2
μ
F
4.7pF
4.7pF
V
CM
LTC2208
ANALOG
INPUT
0.1
μ
F
0.1
μ
F
5
25
25
5
T1
1:1
T1 = MA/COM ETC1-1-13
RESISTORS, CAPACITORS
ARE 0402 PACKAGE SIZE
EXCEPT 2.2
μ
F
2208 F04a
Figure 4a. Using a Transmission Line Balun Transformer.
Recommended for Input Frequencies from 100MHz to 250MHz
0.1
μ
F
5
25
25
5
A
IN+
A
IN–
2.2
μ
F
2.2pF
2.2pF
V
CM
LTC2208
ANALOG
INPUT
0.1
μ
F
0.1
μ
F
T1
1:1
T1 = MA/COM ETC1-1-13
RESISTORS, CAPACITORS
ARE 0402 PACKAGE SIZE
EXCEPT 2.2
μ
F
2208 F04b
Figure 4b. Using a Transmission Line Balun Transformer.
Recommended for Input Frequencies from 250MHz to 500MHz
–
–
+
+
A
IN+
A
IN–
2.2
μ
F
12pF
12pF
V
CM
LTC2208
ANALOG
INPUT
2208 F05
CM
AMPLIFIER = LTC6600-20,
LTC1993, ETC.
HIGH SPEED
DIFFERENTIAL
AMPLIFIER
Reference Operation
Figure 6 shows the LTC2208 reference circuitry consisting
of a 2.5V bandgap reference, a programmable gain ampli-
fier and control circuit. The LTC2208 has three modes of
PGA
1.25V
SENSE
V
CM
BUFFER
INTERNAL
ADC
REFERENCE
RANGE
SELECT
AND GAIN
CONTROL
2.5V
BANDGAP
REFERENCE
2.2
μ
F
TIE TO V
TO USE
INTERNAL 2.5V
REFERENCE
OR INPUT FOR
EXTERNAL 2.5V
REFERENCE
OR INPUT FOR
EXTERNAL 1.25V
REFERENCE
2208 F06
Figure 6. Reference Circuit
APPLICATIU
W
U
U
reference operation: Internal Reference, 1.25V external
reference or 2.5V external reference. To use the internal
reference, tie the SENSE pin to V
DD
. To use an external
reference, simply apply either a 1.25V or 2.5V reference
voltage to the SENSE input pin. Both 1.25V and 2.5V applied
to SENSE will result in a full scale range of 2.25V
P-P
(PGA
= 0). A 1.25V output, V
CM
is provided for a common mode
bias for input drive circuitry. An external bypass capacitor is
required for the V
CM
output. This provides a high frequency
low impedance path to ground for internal and external
circuitry. This is also the compensation capacitor for the
reference; it will not be stable without this capacitor. The
minimum value required for stability is 2.2μF.
Direct Coupled Circuits
Figure 5 demonstrates the use of a differential amplifier to
convert a single ended input signal into a differential input
signal. The advantage of this method is that it provides
low frequency input response; however, the limited gain
bandwidth of any op amp or closed-loop amplifier will de-
grade the ADC SFDR at high input frequencies. Additionally,
wideband op amps or differential amplifiers tend to have
high noise. As a result, the SNR will be degraded unless
the noise bandwidth is limited prior to the ADC input.