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12
FN6367.0
December 6, 2007
Rectifier Diode (Boost Converter)
A high-speed diode is necessary due to the high switching
frequency. Schottky diodes are recommended because of
their fast recovery time and low forward voltage. The reverse
voltage rating of this diode should be higher than the
maximum output voltage. The rectifier diode must meet the
output current and peak inductor current requirements. The
following table lists two recommendations for boost
converter diode.
Output Capacitor
Integrating output capacitors supply the load directly and
reduce the ripple voltage at the output. Output ripple voltage
consists of two components: the voltage drop due to the
inductor ripple current flowing through the ESR of output
capacitor, and the charging and discharging of the output
capacitor.
For low ESR ceramic capacitors, the output ripple is
dominated by the charging and discharging of the output
capacitor. The voltage rating of the output capacitor should
be greater than the maximum output voltage.
Note: Capacitors have a voltage coefficient that makes their
effective capacitance drop as the voltage across them
increases. C
OUT
in Equation 7 assumes the effective value
of the capacitor at a particular voltage and not the
manufacturer's stated value, measured at zero volts.
Table 5 shows some selections of output capacitors.
PI Loop Compensation (Boost Converter)
The boost converter of ISL97653A can be compensated by
a RC network connected from COMP pin to ground.
C
2
= 4.7nF and R
2
= 0
Ω
to 10
Ω
. A RC network is used in the
demo board. A higher capacitor value can be used to
increase system stability.
Stability can be examined by repeatedly changing the load
between 100mA and a max level that is likely to be used in
the system being used. The A
VDD
voltage should be
examined with an oscilloscope set to AC 100mV/DIV and the
amount of ringing observed when the load current changes.
Reduce excessive ringing by reducing the value of the
resistor in series with the CM1 pin capacitor.
Cascaded MOSFET Application
A 20V N-Channel MOSFET is integrated in the boost
regulator. For applications requiring output voltages greater
than 20V, an external cascaded MOSFET is needed as
shown in Figure 15. The voltage rating of the external
MOSFET should be greater than A
VDD
.
V
IN
Protection
A series external P-FET can be used to prevent passive
power-up inrush current from the Boost output caps charging
to V
IN
- V
SCHOTTKY
via the boost inductor and Schottky
diode. This FET also adds protection in the event of a short
circuit on A
VDD.
The gate of the PFET (shown as M0 in the “”
on page 5) is controlled by PROT. When EN is low, PROT is
pulled internally to PVIN1, thus M0 is switched off. When EN
goes high, PROT is pulled down slowly via a 50μA current
source, switching M0 on.
If the device is powered up with EN tied to high, M0 will
remain switched off until the voltage on VL exceeds the
VLOR threshold. Once the voltage on PROT falls below 0.6V
and the step-up regulator is within 90% of its target voltage,
PROT is pulled down to ground via a 1.3k
Ω
impedance. If
A
VDD
falls 10% below regulation, the drive to PROT reverts
to a 50μA current source. If a timed fault is detected, M0 is
actively switched off.
Several additional external components can optionally be
used to fine-tune the function of pin PROT (shown in the
dashed box near M0 in application diagram). PROT ramp
rate can be controlled by adding a capacitor C30 between
gate and source of M0. M0 gate voltage can be limited
during soft-start by adding a resistor (~75k
Ω
) between gate
TABLE 4. BOOST CONVERTER RECTIFIER DIODE
RECOMMENDATION
DIODE
V
R
/I
AVG
RATING
PACKAGE
VENDOR
FYD0504SA
50V/2A
DPAK
Fairchild
Semiconductor
30WQ04FN
40V/3.5A
DPAK
International
Rectifier
TABLE 5. BOOST OUTPUT CAPACITOR RECOMMENDATION
CAPACITOR
SIZE
VENDOR
PART NUMBER
10μF/25V
1210
TDK
C3225X7R1E106M
10μF/25V
1210
Murata
GRM32DR61E106K
V
RIPPLE
I
LPK
ESR
V
-----------------------
V
–
O
I
OUT
---------------
1
f
s
---
×
×
+
×
=
(EQ. 7)
FIGURE 15. CASCADED MOSFET TOPOLOGY FOR HIGH
OUTPUT VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS
INTERSIL
ISL97653A
LX1, LX2
FBB
A
VDD
V
IN
ISL97653A