
5
Copyright 2000 by ASME
Consequently, film thickness cannot be inferred from
fluorescence intensity unless illumination intensity at a
particular location and time is known. The ratio of the
illumination intensity and the fluorescence intensity, however, is
independent of spatial and temporal variations in excitation
light intensity.
I
f
=
≡
R(t,
R
I
o
)
16
(
Obtaining illumination intensity is not trivial. A two-
dimensional instantaneous illumination map, however, can be
inferred from the fluorescence of a second dye. This is the
principle behind DELIF:
(1) the fluorescence of dye 1 in a two-dye system contains
the desired information (film thickness, temperature,
which will be discussed later), along with exciting light
intensity information.
(2) the fluorescence of dye 2 also contains the exciting
light intensity information but behaves differently than
dye 1 to the scalar of interest.
(3) By rationing the fluorescence of dye 1 with the
fluorescence of dye 2, the excitation light information
is canceled out, giving a ratio that contains only the
desired scalar information.
Oil Film Thickness
Oil film thickness measurements are achieved using an
optically thick system that takes advantage of reabsorption. The
film thickness information is contained in the reabsorption of
the fluorescence of dye 1 by dye 2. The excitation light
intensity information is contained both in the fluorescence of
dye 1 and dye 2. If two narrow-band interference filters are
used to capture the two distinctive fluorescence emissions, an
emission intensity defined by
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
C
)
(
C
)
)
(
C
)
(
(y,
I
y,
,
’(t,
I
filter
laser
filter
laser
o
filter
f,
+
=
[
]
{
}
(
1
)
t
C
)
(
C
)
filter
laser
2
1
2
exp
+
×
)
17
(
C
)
)
(
C
)
(
(y,
I
y,
,
(t,
I
laser
filter
laser
o
filter
f,
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
=
[
]
{
}
(
1
)
t
C
)
laser
×
exp
)
18
(
)
(
C
)
(
)
(
C
)
(
I
I
)
,
R(t,
filter
laser
filter
laser
f,
f,
filter
filter
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
’
=
=
[
]
{
}
t
)
(
+
)
}
[
[
]
{
(
1
)
.
C
)
19
(
C
)
(
C
)
t
C
)
(
C
)
exp
C
)
laser
filter
laser
filter
laser
laser
+
×
exp
1
(
2
1
2
2
1
2
is obtained.
By taking the ratio of the emission of the two dyes, the
excitation light intensity dependence is cancelled leaving a ratio
that is only dependent on film thickness. As film thickness
information is contained in the reabsorption of the fluorescence
of dye 1 by dye 2, the system must be optically thick, in order
for the reabsorption to be substantial and measurable (Fig. 6).
Figure 6: Film thickness ratio
Temperature
It is possible to use LIF as a temperature indicator when
there is a dependence of either the molar absorption (extinction)
or quantum efficiency coefficients on temperature.
7
=
)
20
(