CS5253B–1
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9
guarantee stability, but under ideal conditions. These
include: having V
OUT
connected to V
SENSE
directly at the
IC pins; the compensation capacitor located right at the pins
with a minimum lead length; the adjust feedback resistor
divider ground, (bottom of R2 in Figure 20), connected right
at the capacitor ground; and with power supply decoupling
capacitors located close to the IC pins. The actual
performance will vary greatly with board layout for each
application. In particular, the use of the remote sensing
feature will require a larger capacitor with less ESR. For
most applications, a minimum of 33
μ
F tantalum or 150
μ
F
aluminum electrolytic, with an ESR less than 1.0
over
temperature, is recommended. Larger capacitors and lower
ESR will improve stability.
The load transient response, during the time it takes the
regulator to respond, is also determined by the output
capacitor. For large changes in load current, the ESR of the
output capacitor causes an immediate drop in output voltage
given by:
V
I
ESR
There is then an additional drop in output voltage given
by:
V
I
T C
where T is the time for the regulation loop to begin to
respond. The very fast transient response time of the
CS5253B–1 allows the ESR effect to dominate. For
microprocessor applications, it is customary to use an output
capacitor network consisting of several tantalum and
ceramic capacitors in parallel. This reduces the overall ESR
and reduces the instantaneous output voltage drop under
transient load conditions. The output capacitor network
should be as close to the load as possible for the best transient
response.
Protection Diodes
When large external capacitors are used with a linear
regulator, it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes.
If the input voltage of the regulator gets shorted, the output
capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The
discharge current depends on the value of the capacitor, the
output voltage, and the rate at which V
CONTROL
drops. In
the CS5253B–1 regulator, the discharge path is through a
large junction and protection diodes are not usually needed.
If the regulator is used with large values of output
capacitance and the input voltage is instantaneously shorted
to ground, damage can occur. In this case, a diode connected
as shown in Figure 22 is recommended.
Figure 22. Diode Protection Circuit
A rule of thumb useful in determining if a protection diode
is required is to solve for current:
CS5253B–1
V
CONTROL
V
POWER
V
OUT
V
SENSE
Adjust
I
C
V
T
where:
I is the current flow out of the load capacitance when
V
CONTROL
is shorted,
C is the value of load capacitance
V is the output voltage, and
T is the time duration required for V
CONTROL
to transition
from high to being shorted.
If the calculated current is greater than or equal to the
typical short circuit current value provided in the
specifications, serious thought should be given to the use of
a protection diode.
Current Limit
The internal current limit circuit limits the output current
under excessive load conditions.
Short Circuit Protection
The device includes short circuit protection circuitry that
clamps the output current at approximately 500 mA less than
its current limit value. This provides for a current foldback
function, which reduces power dissipation under a direct
shorted load.
Thermal Shutdown
The thermal shutdown circuitry is guaranteed by design to
activate above a die junction temperature of approximately
150
°
C and to shut down the regulator output. This circuitry
has 25
°
C of typical hysteresis, thereby allowing the
regulator to recover from a thermal fault automatically.