Level
Shift
Internal
Circuitry
+3.3V
800kW
R
PU
Input
Pin
Input
C
0.1 F
m
IN
V
=V
DC
S
800kW
800k
+R
W
PU
SBOS497 – DECEMBER 2009
www.ti.com
However, what happens if the input signal goes
INPUT MODE OF OPERATION: AC BIAS
above the 0-V input level? The problem is the video
Sync-tip clamps work very well for signals that have
signal is always above this level and must not be
horizontal and/or vertical syncs associated with them;
altered in any way. Thus, if the sync level of the input
however, some video signals do not have a sync
signal is above this 0-V level, then the internal
embedded within the signal. If ac-coupling of these
discharge (sink) current reduces the ac-coupled bias
signals is desired, then a dc bias is required to
signal to the proper 0-V level.
properly set the dc operating point within the
This discharge current must not be large enough to
THS7368. This function is easily accomplished with
alter the video signal appreciably or picture quality
the THS7368 by simply adding an external pull-up
issues may arise. This effect is often seen by looking
resistor to the positive power supply, as shown in
at the tilt (droop) of a constant luma signal being
applied and the resulting output level. The associated
change in luma level from the beginning and end of
the video line is the amount of line tilt (droop).
If the discharge current is very small, the amount of
tilt is very low, which is a generally a good thing.
However, the amount of time for the system to
capture the sync signal could be too long. This effect
is also termed hum rejection. Hum arises from the ac
line voltage frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The value
of the discharge current and the ac-coupling capacitor
combine to dictate the hum rejection and the amount
of line tilt.
To allow for both dc- and ac-coupling in the same
Figure 40. AC-Bias Input Mode Circuit
part, the THS7368 incorporates an 800-k
resistor to
Configuration
ground. Although a true constant current sink is
preferred over a resistor, there can be issues when
the voltage is near ground. This configuration can
The dc voltage appearing at the input pin is equal to
cause the current sink transistor to saturate and
cause potential problems with the signal. The 800-k
resistor is large enough to not impact a dc-coupled
DAC termination. For discharging an ac-coupled
(1)
source, Ohm’s Law is used. If the video signal is 1 V,
The THS7368 allowable input range is approximately
then there is 1 V/800 k
= 1.25-μA of discharge
0 V to (VS+ – 1.5 V), allowing for a very wide input
current. If more hum rejection is desired or there is a
voltage range. As such, the input dc bias point is very
loss of sync occurring, then simply decrease the
flexible, with the output dc bias point being the
0.1-
μF input coupling capacitor. A decrease from
primary factor. For example, if the output dc bias
0.1
μF to 0.047 μF increases the hum rejection by a
point is desired to be 1.6 V on a 3.3-V supply, then
factor of 2.1. Alternatively, an external pull-down
the input dc bias point should be (1.6 V – 300 mV)/2
resistor to ground may be added that decreases the
= 0.65 V. Thus, the pull-up resistor calculates to
overall
resistance
and
ultimately
increases
the
approximately 3.3 M
, resulting in 0.644 V. If the
discharge current.
output dc-bias point is desired to be 1.6 V with a 5-V
To ensure proper stability of the ac STC control loop,
power supply, then the pull-up resistor calculates to
the source impedance must be less than 1-k
with
approximately 5.36 M
.
the input capacitor in place. Otherwise, there is a
Keep in mind that the internal 800-k
resistor has
possibility of the control loop ringing, which may
approximately
a
±20%
variance.
As
such,
the
appear on the output of the THS7368. Because most
calculations should take this variance into account.
DACs or encoders use resistors to establish the
For the 0.644-V example above, using an ideal
voltage, which are typically less than 300-
, meeting
3.3-M
resistor,
the
input
dc
bias
voltage
is
the less than 1-k
requirement is easily done.
approximately 0.644 V ± 0.1 V.
However, if the source impedance looking from the
THS7368 input perspective is very high, then simply
The value of the output bias voltage is very flexible
adding a 1-k
resistor to GND ensures proper
and is left to each individual design. It is important to
operation of the THS7368.
ensure that the signal does not clip or saturate the
video signal. Thus, it is recommended to ensure the
output bias voltage is between 0.9 V and (VS+ – 1 V).
For 100% color saturated CVBS or signals with
24
Copyright 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated