LTC2205-14
15
220514fa
CONVERTER OPERATION
The LTC2205-14 is a CMOS pipelined multi-step converter
with a front-end PGA. As shown in Figure 1, the converter
has five pipelined ADC stages; a sampled analog input
will result in a digitized value seven cycles later (see the
Timing Diagram section). The analog input is differential for
improved common mode noise immunity and to maximize
the input range. Additionally, the differential input drive
will reduce even order harmonics of the sample and hold
circuit. The encode input is also differential for improved
common mode noise immunity.
The LTC2205-14 has two phases of operation, determined
by the state of the differential ENC
+
/ENC
–
input pins. For
brevity, the text will refer to ENC
+
greater than ENC
–
as
ENC high and ENC
+
less than ENC
–
as ENC low.
Each pipelined stage shown in Figure 1 contains an ADC,
a reconstruction DAC and a residue amplifier. In opera-
tion, the ADC quantizes the input to the stage, and the
quantized value is subtracted from the input by the DAC
to produce a residue. The residue is amplified and output
by the residue amplifier. Successive stages operate out
of phase so that when odd stages are outputting their
residue, the even stages are acquiring that residue and
vice versa.
When ENC is low, the analog input is sampled differen-
tially directly onto the input sample-and-hold capacitors,
inside the “input S/H” shown in the block diagram. At the
instant that ENC transitions from low to high, the voltage
on the sample capacitors is held. While ENC is high, the
held input voltage is buffered by the S/H amplifier which
drives the first pipelined ADC stage. The first stage acquires
the output of the S/H amplifier during the high phase of
ENC. When ENC goes back low, the first stage produces
its residue which is acquired by the second stage. At
the same time, the input S/H goes back to acquiring the
analog input. When ENC goes high, the second stage
produces its residue which is acquired by the third stage.
An identical process is repeated for the third and fourth
stages, resulting in a fourth stage residue that is sent to
the fifth stage for final evaluation.
Each ADC stage following the first has additional range to
accommodate flash and amplifier offset errors. Results
from all of the ADC stages are digitally delayed such that
the results can be properly combined in the correction
logic before being sent to the output buffer.
SAMPLE/HOLD OPERATION AND INPUT DRIVE
Sample/Hold Operation
Figure 2 shows an equivalent circuit for the LTC2205-14
CMOS differential sample and hold. The differential ana-
log inputs are sampled directly onto sampling capacitors
(C
SAMPLE
) through NMOS transitors. The capacitors shown
attached to each input (C
PARASITIC
) are the summation of
all other capacitance associated with each input.
During the sample phase when ENC is low, the NMOS
transistors connect the analog inputs to the sampling
capacitors which charge to, and track the differential in-
put voltage. When ENC transitions from low to high, the
sampled input voltage is held on the sampling capacitors.
Figure 2. Equivalent Input Circuit
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
C
SAMPLE
4.9pF
V
DD
V
DD
LTC2005-14
R
PARASITIC
3
R
ON
20
R
ON
20
R
PARASITIC
3
A
IN+
220514 F02
C
SAMPLE
V
DD
A
IN
–
ENC
–
ENC
+
1.6V
6k
1.6V
6k
C
1.8pF
C
1.8pF