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10
LT1319
APPLICATIO
S I
FOR
ATIO
U
current through R
C2
which is [V
CC
– (V
BIAS
+ 0.365V)]/
15k
= 182
μ
A where V
BIAS
= 1.9V. At this new level
(0.335V/15k
= 22.3
μ
A), Q1 turns on which clamps the
preamp output. The collector current of Q1 provides base
drive for Q2 which saturates and pulls its collector close to
5V. The FILT1, FILT2L and FILT2 inputs are now pulled
positive by R
C3
, R
C4
and R
C6
which forces an offset at the
inputs to the gain stages and preamp. Referring to the
Block Diagram, pulling FILT2L or FILT2 positive a voltage
V provides a voltage of
V/11 at the inverting input of the
first gain stage. This offset effectively cuts off a portion of
the tail at high input levels. The magnitude of
V is set by
the value of R
C3
, the current sinking capability of the
transconductance stages (100
μ
A), the value of C
F4
,C
F5
and
the duty cycle of the data pulses. Likewise an offset of
V/10k
is created at the preamp input to reduce tail
current contributions.
W
U
U
LED Drive Circuits
There are several simple circuits for driving LEDs. For low
speed modulation methods such as IRDA-SIR and Sharp/
Newton with pulses over 1
μ
s, a 2N3904 in a SOT-23
package can be used as a switch with a series resistor in the
collector to limit the current drive. This circuit is shown
below with a suggested limiting resistor of 16
which
typically sets the current at 200mA. The supply voltage
must be well bypassed at the connection to the LED in order
for the supply not to sag when hit with a fast current pulse.
A 10
μ
F low ESR capacitor should be used as well as a 0.1
μ
F
RF quality capacitor to reduce the high frequency spikes.
The current must be selected to achieve the minimum
output light intensity at a given angle and must be lower
than the manufacturer’s maximum current rating at the
maximum duty cycle of the modulation method. The opti-
mum current is a function of the LED output, the LED
forward voltage, the drop across the transistor and the
minimum supply voltage.
(
I
V
V
V
R
LED
CC
LED
SW
SERIES
=
)
The minimum light output then can be obtained from the
LED data sheet. For IRDA-SIR the minimum intensity at 15
°
off axis is 40mW/sr. For IRDA-FIR the spec rises to
100mW/sr. To increase light output and distance of the
link, a second LED can be inserted in series with the first to
obtain twice the light output without consuming additional
supply current. The current variation will now be greater
because two LED forward drops must be accounted for and
the drop across the series resistor is greatly reduced.
For pulse widths less than 500ns the NPN should be
replaced by an N-channel MOSFET with on-resistance of
less than 1
with 5V on the gate. The FET can turn off
much more quickly than the saturated NPN and provides
a lower effective on-resistance. A suggested circuit is
shown below and includes three devices available in the
SOT-23 package.
LED Drive Circuit
for IRDA-SIR and Sharp/Newton
V
CC
V
IN
R
D2
3.9
R
D1
100
HSDL4220
TSH5400
DN304
Q1
NDS351N
TN0201T
2N7002
1319 TA05
V
CC
V
IN
R
F3
16
R
F4
470
HSDL4220
TSH5400
DN304
Q1
2N3904
1319 TA04
V
CC
IN
PREOUT
PIN 2
PIN 4
2N3904 FOR <1MHz
MMBR941LT1 FOR >1MHz
1319 TA03
Optional Clamp Circuit
2 LED Drive Circuit
for IRDA-FIR
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
N
S