
L
A
time exhibits drift characteristics of the best low-drift amplifi-
ers. The amplifier has been used as a precision pre-amp
(gain
e
1000), and also as the output amplifier for a 20-bit
DAC, where low drift and low noise are both important.
for Q2 should be proportional to 1/
r
s
. The emitter current
of Q1A should be about ten times the base current of Q2A.
The base current of the output op amp should be no more
than 1/1000 of the emitter current of Q2. The values of R1
and R2 should be the same as R7.
To optimize the circuit for other r
s
levels, the emitter current
Various formulae for noise:
Current noise of a transistor, per
0
Hz, i
n
e
0
Voltage noise of a resistor, per
0
Hz, e
n
e
0
4 KTR
s
For a more complete analysis of low-noise amplifiers, see
AN-222, ‘‘Super Matched Bipolar Transistor Pair Sets New
Standards for Drift and Noise’’, Carl T. Nelson.
Voltage noise of a transistor, per
0
Hz, e
n
e
KT
0
2
ql
C
2ql
C
h
FE
*
Tracking TC
k
5 ppm/
§
C
**
Solid tantalum
***
Tracking TC
k
5 ppm/
§
C,
Beckman 694-3-R100K-D or similar
TL/H/8499–2
FIGURE 2. New Low-Noise Precision Operational Amplifier as Gain-of-1000 Pre-Amp
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