Low-Pass
2-Pole
Butterworth
Appendix A
6
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(sec)
.225
.227
.234
.243
.255
.265
Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
A
D
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
S
Theoretical Transfer Characteristics
1
Frequency Response
Delay
(Normalized)
Step Response
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0.1
1.0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9
0.0
0.5
1.5
0.15
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.0
-31.1
-33.8
-36.1
-38.2
-40.0
-19.1
-20.5
-21.8
-24.1
-28.0
-11.5
-12.3
-14.3
-16.0
-17.6
-6.85
-7.83
-8.78
-9.71
-10.6
-2.59
-3.01
-3.92
-4.88
-5.86
-0.529
-0.935
-1.491
-1.824
-2.191
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.035
-0.110
-0.263
0.00
-8.13
-16.4
-25.0
-34.0
-43.3
-53.0
-62.7
-72.3
-77.0
-81.5
-85.8
-90.0
-97.7
-105
-111
-116
-121
-125
-128
-131
-134
-137
-142
-146
-149
-152
-154
-156
-159
-164
-166
-168
-170
-171
-172
.006
.005
.004
.003
.002
.027
.023
.020
.015
.009
.074
.066
.051
.041
.033
.138
.
.106
.094
.
.236
.225
.202
.179
.
.271
.270
.262
.255
.246
1.
Normalized Group Delay:
The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency
of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided
by the actual corner frequency (fc).
Actual Delay =
Normalized Delay
Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
f/fc
(Hz)
Amp
(dB)
Phase
(deg)
Delay
Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.0
10.0
2
3
4
5 6 7 8
2
3
4
5 6 7
-80
-60
-40
-20
0