
AD9712B/AD9713B
REV. B
–8–
NUMERICALLY-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
TUNING
WORD
12
PHASE
ACCUMULATOR
14
32
OUTPUT
SINE DATA
TTL
REGISTER
12
SYSTEM
CLOCK
LATCH
ENABLE
AD9712B
AD9713B
D/A CONVERTER
PHASE-TO-AMPLITUDE
CONVERSION
D
D
1
12
Figure 6. Direct Digital Synthesizer Block Diagram
90
100
10
0%
5mV/div
5ns/div
Figure 7. AD9712B/AD9713B Glitch Impulse
1ns/div
90
100
10
0%
200mV/div
Figure 8. Rise and Fall Characteristics
When the analog frequency (f
A
) is exactly f
C
/N and N is an even
integer, the DDS continually uses a small subset of the available
DAC codes. T he DNL of the converter is effectively the DNL
error of the codes used, and is typically worse than the error
measured against all available DAC codes. T his increase in
DNL is translated into higher harmonic and noise levels at the
output.
Glitch impulse, often considered a figure of merit in DDS appli-
cations, is simply the initial transient response of the DAC as it
moves between two output levels. T his nonlinearity is com-
monly associated with external data skew, but this effect is mini-
mized by using the on-board registers of the AD9712B/AD9713B
converters (see Digital Inputs/T iming section). T he majority of
the glitch impulse, shown below, is produced as the current in
the R-2R ladder network settles, and is fairly constant over the
full-scale range of the DAC. T he fast transients which form the
glitch impulse appear as high-frequency spurs in the output
spectrum.
While it is difficult to predict the effects of glitch on the output
waveform, slew rate limitations translate directly into harmonics.
T his makes slew rate the dominant effect in ac linearity of the
DAC. Applications in which the ratio of analog frequency (f
A
)
to clock frequency (f
C
) is relatively high will benefit from the
high slew rate and low output capacitance of the AD9712B/
AD9713B devices.
Another concern in DDS applications is the presence of aliased
harmonics in the output spectrum. Aliased harmonics appear as
spurs in the output spectrum at frequencies which are deter-
mined by:
MfA
±
Nf
C
where M and N are integers.
T he effects of these spurs are most easily observed in applica-
tions where f
A
is nearly equal to an integer fraction of the clock
rate. T his condition causes the aliased harmonics to fold near
the fundamental output frequency (see Performance Curves.)