M
Advanced Lithium-Ion
Battery-Pack Protector
12
______________________________________________________________________________________
Maximum mismatch of 1% external resistor-dividers is
±2%. The external adjusted overvoltage-threshold accu-
racy includes the internal overvoltage-threshold accuracy
(±0.5%) and the error due to the external resistor-divider
multiplied by maximum adjustment:
The total external adjusted overvoltage-threshold (V
OVT
)
accuracy is ±0.7%.
Undervoltage Protection
The MAX1666 provides undervoltage protection to
avoid overdischarging the cells. When any cell is under
voltage, UVO,
DSO
, and
CGO
go high, turning off the
external charging and discharging MOSFETs.
TKO
remains low to keep the trickle-charge current on.
Undervoltage threshold is linearly adjustable through
an external resistor-divider (Figure 3) from REF.
Determine the undervoltage threshold (V
UVT
) required.
V
UVT
must be between 2V and 3V. Set R
TOTAL
= R3 +
R4 = 1M
. Calculate R3 and R4 as follows:
R4 = [(V
UVT
- 2V) / (3V - 2V)] R
TOTAL
R3 = R
TOTAL
- R4
Maximum mismatch of 1% external resistor-dividers is
±2.0%, and the error due to the external resistor-divider
multiplied by maximum adjustment is ±2% (3V - 2V) / 3V
= ±0.7%. The total external adjusted undervoltage-
threshold (V
UVT
) accuracy including the internal under-
voltage-threshold accuracy (±2.5%) is ±3.2%.
Undervoltage Warning
When any cell drops to 100mV above the undervoltage
threshold,
WRN
goes low.
WRN
returns high when all
cells are 300mV above the undervoltage threshold.
Cell-Mismatch Protection
The MAX1666 disables charging or discharging when
mismatch occurs. When any two cells are mismatched,
TKO
,
CGO
, UVO, and
DSO
go high, turning off the
external MOSFETs.
PKF
goes low.
PKF
has a strong
pulldown current (>4mA), and can be used to control
an external thermal fuse. The cell-mismatch threshold is
linearly adjustable through an external resistor-divider
(Figure 3) from REF. Determine the cell-mismatch
threshold (V
CMT
) required. V
CMT
has to be between 0
and 500mV. Set R
TOTAL
= R5 + R6 = 1M
. Calculate
R5 and R6:
R6 = (VCMT / 500mV) RTOTAL
R5 = RTOTAL - R6
Maximum mismatch of a 1% external resistor-divider is
±2%. The total external adjusted cell-mismatch thresh-
old accuracy, including the internal cell-mismatch
threshold accuracy (±10%), is ±12%.
Cell Voltage Sampling
The MAX1666 does not introduce cell mismatch. When
the battery cells are matched, the MAX1666 draws
close to zero current from the intermediate cells.
Figure 4 shows a simplified diagram of the voltage
sampling scheme:
B4P: I
4
= 3I
CB
+ V
4
/ R = 4V
4
/ R = BAT4 current
B3P: I
3
= I
3P
+ I
4
= BAT3 current
I
3P
+ I
CB
= V3 / R
I
3P
= V
3
/ R - V
4
/ R
I
3
= I
4
+ (V
3
- V
4
) / R = (3V
4
+ V
3
) / R
B2P: I
2
= I
2P
+ I
3
= BAT2 current
I
2P
+ I
CB
= V
2
/ R
I
2P
= V
2
/ R - V
4
/ R
I
2
= I
3
+ V
2
/ R - V
4
/ R = I
4
+ (V3 - V
4
) / R +
(V
2
- V
4
) / R = (2V
4
+ V
3
+ V
2
) / R
B1P: I
1
= I
1P
+ I
2
= BAT1 current
I
1P
+ I
CB
= V
1
/ R
I
1P
= V
1
/ R - V
4
/ R
I
1
= I
2
+ V
1
/ R - V
4
/ R = I
4
+ (V
3
- V
4
) / R +
(V
2
- V
4
) / R + (V
1
- V
4
) / R
= (V
4
+ V
3
+ V
2
+ V
1
) / R
when V
1
= V
2
= V
3
= V
4
, I
1P
= I
2P
= I
3P
= 0, and
I
1
= I
2
= I
3
= I
4
= 4V
4
/ R
±
.
= ±
2
4 4
.
V
4 4
0. %
%
4 0
V
V
+
V4
-
B3P
B2P
B1P
B4P
+
V3
-
I
3
I
4
I
3P
I
2P
I
1P
I
2
I
1
+
V2
-
+
V2
-
+
V1
-
R
R
R
R
+
V1
-
I
CB =
V4
R
I
CB =
V4
R
I
CB =
V4
R
V1
R
V2
R
+
V3
-
V3
R
+
V4
-
V4
R
Figure 4. Cell Voltage Sampling